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hello

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long time no see i'm glad you uh joined

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us here for round two

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we have a fantastic guest on um his name

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is abraham lo avelo

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and i'm looking very much forward to

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that

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i know he's done his rounds with

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interviews the guy is a maniac he's done

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so many

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um so i did my part to at least um

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you know get some good questions in

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there

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um i do have super chat and all that for

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questions if you want i can't guarantee

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i'll ask him but um i would like to

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um

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conversation with him comes first

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and if i do see a question there

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um that makes sense or fits in with

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everything i

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would love to throw it in there so just

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so you know

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um we also have unidentified celebrity

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review doing their last big phone home

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event day three i understand the timing

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here is a bit awkward

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um but you got to do what you got to do

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and you can always go back and watch

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this later so

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or

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there's whichever you prefer

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uh with that being said we'll be right

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back

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[Music]

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and there we go it's the same opening

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again i should have picked a different

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opening for show two but

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um i went with the same one what are you

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gonna do

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[Laughter]

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um so we're waiting for mr avi to arrive

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as soon as he does i'll bring him in

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um so yeah until then you know

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i guess we can just chat

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um

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so far i guess we can talk about uh

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the big phone home event

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i thought

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you know it's quite a task monumental

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test taking on three days of live

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streaming with guests

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um you have to keep your energy somehow

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and stay focused and uh interested and

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they're doing a fantastic job i ca i

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can't even believe it so

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um make sure they're supported those

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efforts are supportive

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uh through our actions of a phone call

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or an email or a text or twitter rather

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or whichever you prefer that works best

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for you

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so

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i think that's what they would want more

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than anything and myself as well i've

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shown you here how

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easy a phone call is right

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super easy um we can take it to the big

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and you pick your own representative and

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you make a phone call

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they have templates there for scripts if

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you prefer you can make it a little bit

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your own

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or you can just purely read from the

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script

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and for the emails too they have

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templates

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um

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i always prefer to throw something

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personal in there so that it has a

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little bit of meaning

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i think because humans maybe connect a

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little more that way at times

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um

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so yeah i hope you do that

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so right now i guess it's just the

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waiting game

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[Laughter]

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so

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i'm just waiting for him

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hopefully

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there's i guess one thing that i've been

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thinking about a lot lately is

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um the whole science and

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i think the first thing that we could do

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i mean you know we all do it

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we catch it happening all the time um

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you know lambasting uh scientists for

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not getting involved

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you know scientists need to get involved

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and we always use that word scientist

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well what does that mean you know

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there's a lot of different types of

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what scientists

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are the ones that should be getting

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involved

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and

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how easy or not is it for them to do so

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you know there still is a stigma

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attached whether we think so or not

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for instance i can't just go back to my

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you know because i'm the alien guy

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you know

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so we're all kind of in this together

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and experiencers it's the same thing

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there's different things that happen to

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people

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there's a sighting where you just you

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see something

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you know then there's abductions that's

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like their own thing

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and there's something but you know what

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happened to me that's an experience

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but those are all vastly different

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you know

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so i think the more we can stop using a

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broad brush to paint these groups of

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people

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you know

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until we can stop doing that i don't

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know what i mean

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but that's just my take i think

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you know we have to treat people as

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and yeah we want scientists

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to get involved but

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um that's just such a

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it's too

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vague

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need to be more specific with that

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the man of the hour is here

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it's good because i was just so nervous

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talking to the camera by myself i

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thought i was going to start crying it

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was going to get really weird but

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he showed up thank god so without

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further ado mr abraham love how are you

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i'm doing great thank you good thank you

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so much for joining us yes you're busy

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man you're a maniac what number

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interviews is for you

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well i had about 1200 over the past

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seven months no really yeah holy cow i

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did 150 shows in 90 days i thought that

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was a lot

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yeah well i didn't anticipate it it's

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pretty much a reflection of the interest

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of the public

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yeah most definitely

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um

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are you

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do you kind of use that do you notice

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here as

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typically the same questions on these

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interviews uh not necessarily you can

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ask me anything you want uh if i don't

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know the answer i'll admit it

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no i'm just curious um you know i kind

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of did a little

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tiny bit of a deep dive on you just to

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to check you out and you know give you

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the respect you need in this interview

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and it's clear to me you've been

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searching for something for quite a long

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time

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um it seems like it started with finding

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out the creation of planets and stars

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correct

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um well early in my career i was i was

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interested in the scientific version of

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the story of genesis how the first stars

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formed we know that the universe started

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13.8 billion years ago in the big bang

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and

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obviously early on the universe was very

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hot and dense much denser and hotter

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than the sun so a star like the sun

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could not have existed early on and the

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question is when did the first stars

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form we know that the sun formed about

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five billion years ago but that was

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roughly

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uh you know the last third in the

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evolution history of the universe so

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when did the very first stars form and

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uh of course the related question is

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when did life start in the universe you

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know we are born into this world like

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actors put on a stage and we tend to

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think that the play is about us that we

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are

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central players but

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actually the play started 13.8 billion

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years ago and

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you know the the stage itself is

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10 to the power

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26 times bigger than the size of our

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body so we are not the play is not about

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us we are not central players and of

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course the latest subject that i work on

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is other other actors in this play but

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but early on in my career i was

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interested in when did the first stars

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form and

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when was the first light produced by

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these stars and there were only a few

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people around the world the interest in

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this question when i started working on

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it

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i arrived there at harvard

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and after that

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you know after getting some interesting

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results i published two

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books on this subject

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right yeah i i found a video of you 10

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years ago talking about it i think it

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was uh like on a princeton youtube

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channel or something and i have to tell

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you

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my weight um i couldn't i didn't

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recognize you

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yeah so good

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yeah yeah and you know half of my

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calories on a daily basis come from dark

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chocolate so and i talk every morning at

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5 00 a.m so i would suggest that you

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know a diet

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based on

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low carbs and

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antioxidants is very good for you and an

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exercise of course i do that every

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morning at 5 00 a.m in the company of

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birds

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ducks

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rabbits and wild turkeys

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um yeah so your hypothesis is i mean

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it's kind of

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it's a confronting hypothesis is it not

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um

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you know we're not special which implies

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we're not alone right

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how are people going to egotistically

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deal with that

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yeah so we currently have this

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rover on mars called perseverance that

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nasa sent and of course

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you know if it finds evidence for

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microbes that may have existed on mars

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nobody would have a problem with that

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because we can still maintain our

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self-esteem we're much smarter than

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those microbes so it's not a big deal

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but suppose the rover bumps against the

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wreckage of a

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spaceship that is far more advanced than

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we ever produced

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that would be a blow to our ego

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and

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that's pretty much

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the issue with finding

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a smarter kid on the block most people

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prefer not to look through the window

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yeah that includes the scientific

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community which argues that we need

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extraordinary evidence yet it doesn't

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look through the window so

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if you're not funding the research

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obviously you will not find anything and

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it's a self-fulfilling prophecy so it's

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very comfortable to basically say i

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don't want to engage in this discussion

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until i have extraordinary evidence and

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then not even check you know that's what

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the philosophers did during the days of

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galileo they said we know that the sun

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moves around the earth we don't need to

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look through your telescopes

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and

288
00:12:05,829 --> 00:12:03,279
they maintain their ignorance so if we

289
00:12:07,430 --> 00:12:05,839
want we can stay ignorant no problem

290
00:12:09,350 --> 00:12:07,440
with that it's a self-fulfilling

291
00:12:10,389 --> 00:12:09,360
prophecy if you want to be ignorant you

292
00:12:12,629 --> 00:12:10,399
will be ignorant

293
00:12:14,790 --> 00:12:12,639
that's correct

294
00:12:16,470 --> 00:12:14,800
as a scientist i don't want to be

295
00:12:19,030 --> 00:12:16,480
ignorant i want to figure out which

296
00:12:20,629 --> 00:12:19,040
reality i live in you know my daughters

297
00:12:22,550 --> 00:12:20,639
when they were young and they thought

298
00:12:23,990 --> 00:12:22,560
that they are the smartest and because

299
00:12:26,150 --> 00:12:24,000
they compare themselves against the

300
00:12:28,310 --> 00:12:26,160
family members they were just at home

301
00:12:30,150 --> 00:12:28,320
and when i took them to the kindergarten

302
00:12:32,150 --> 00:12:30,160
it changed their perspective now of

303
00:12:34,949 --> 00:12:32,160
course they would tell me on the first

304
00:12:36,870 --> 00:12:34,959
day in kindergarten we want to be home

305
00:12:39,269 --> 00:12:36,880
because it was a threat to their

306
00:12:40,949 --> 00:12:39,279
self-esteem yeah and yeah

307
00:12:43,350 --> 00:12:40,959
you know that's pretty much the approach

308
00:12:45,990 --> 00:12:43,360
that a lot of my colleagues take now i

309
00:12:47,910 --> 00:12:46,000
always give this analogy with a caveman

310
00:12:49,269 --> 00:12:47,920
suppose a caveman would find you know

311
00:12:51,190 --> 00:12:49,279
any

312
00:12:53,350 --> 00:12:51,200
no

313
00:12:55,350 --> 00:12:53,360
but i just imagined that

314
00:12:58,150 --> 00:12:55,360
finds a cell phone you know the first

315
00:13:00,629 --> 00:12:58,160
reaction of a caveman would be to say

316
00:13:02,150 --> 00:13:00,639
it's a shiny rock you know like uh

317
00:13:03,829 --> 00:13:02,160
because that's what the caveman is used

318
00:13:05,829 --> 00:13:03,839
to playing with and

319
00:13:08,150 --> 00:13:05,839
that's pretty much the reaction of the

320
00:13:09,590 --> 00:13:08,160
scientific community to umua this first

321
00:13:11,350 --> 00:13:09,600
interstellar

322
00:13:13,110 --> 00:13:11,360
that didn't look like anything we have

323
00:13:15,269 --> 00:13:13,120
seen before and

324
00:13:17,590 --> 00:13:15,279
the the people that paid attention to

325
00:13:19,190 --> 00:13:17,600
the properties of this object argued

326
00:13:20,949 --> 00:13:19,200
that it's a rock of a type that we've

327
00:13:23,269 --> 00:13:20,959
never seen before so that's what the

328
00:13:25,030 --> 00:13:23,279
caveman would say you know it's a rock

329
00:13:27,110 --> 00:13:25,040
that of a type that i've never seen

330
00:13:29,030 --> 00:13:27,120
before just shiny but then of course

331
00:13:31,190 --> 00:13:29,040
it's the beginning of a learning because

332
00:13:33,509 --> 00:13:31,200
the caveman can press on a button

333
00:13:35,670 --> 00:13:33,519
and realize that he records his voice

334
00:13:37,110 --> 00:13:35,680
this this shiny rock and press on

335
00:13:39,269 --> 00:13:37,120
another button and realize that it

336
00:13:41,189 --> 00:13:39,279
records in his image and and at some

337
00:13:43,829 --> 00:13:41,199
point the caveman would realize

338
00:13:45,110 --> 00:13:43,839
you know this is not really a rock so i

339
00:13:47,189 --> 00:13:45,120
think

340
00:13:49,030 --> 00:13:47,199
the key is get evidence now of course if

341
00:13:50,470 --> 00:13:49,040
the caveman would sage a shiny rock and

342
00:13:53,030 --> 00:13:50,480
throw it away

343
00:13:54,949 --> 00:13:53,040
that would maintain its ignorance so i'm

344
00:13:57,030 --> 00:13:54,959
i'm just suggesting that we get more

345
00:13:59,189 --> 00:13:57,040
evidence on objects like it and

346
00:14:00,870 --> 00:13:59,199
fortunately i don't need to rely on

347
00:14:02,629 --> 00:14:00,880
other people i don't need to rely on the

348
00:14:04,230 --> 00:14:02,639
government getting more evidence i don't

349
00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:04,240
need to rely on my colleagues getting

350
00:14:07,910 --> 00:14:06,000
more evident i just established the

351
00:14:11,350 --> 00:14:07,920
galileo project so that i will get the

352
00:14:13,829 --> 00:14:11,360
evidence right no it's fantastic and i

353
00:14:17,829 --> 00:14:13,839
do admire the work and it seems like you

354
00:14:19,829 --> 00:14:17,839
know maybe not this particular thing was

355
00:14:21,670 --> 00:14:19,839
always in your head

356
00:14:23,829 --> 00:14:21,680
but it's clear that you've always been

357
00:14:25,750 --> 00:14:23,839
running towards something for a while

358
00:14:28,389 --> 00:14:25,760
and maybe this is it it seems it seems

359
00:14:31,189 --> 00:14:28,399
like it's some what of a climax so i

360
00:14:33,509 --> 00:14:31,199
hope it all comes together for you oh i

361
00:14:35,990 --> 00:14:33,519
should say i should say that it was not

362
00:14:37,189 --> 00:14:36,000
planned that i basically approached this

363
00:14:39,430 --> 00:14:37,199
subject

364
00:14:42,470 --> 00:14:39,440
uh when um was discovered this object

365
00:14:44,230 --> 00:14:42,480
from 2017 that looked weird uh the first

366
00:14:46,790 --> 00:14:44,240
interstellar object from outside the

367
00:14:48,310 --> 00:14:46,800
solar system um you know i approached

368
00:14:50,150 --> 00:14:48,320
this subject the same way that i

369
00:14:53,350 --> 00:14:50,160
approached other subjects that i worked

370
00:14:54,949 --> 00:14:53,360
on and uh to my surprise the response of

371
00:14:57,350 --> 00:14:54,959
both the scientific community and the

372
00:14:59,590 --> 00:14:57,360
public was quite different than

373
00:15:01,990 --> 00:14:59,600
my past studies and but i haven't

374
00:15:03,430 --> 00:15:02,000
changed my colors i i pretty much behave

375
00:15:05,910 --> 00:15:03,440
the same way and

376
00:15:08,310 --> 00:15:05,920
it's uh what makes me different

377
00:15:10,069 --> 00:15:08,320
is the reaction of

378
00:15:12,550 --> 00:15:10,079
my environment to the subject not so

379
00:15:13,430 --> 00:15:12,560
much the way i deal with it

380
00:15:16,389 --> 00:15:13,440
right

381
00:15:17,990 --> 00:15:16,399
yeah um but do you think we paint too

382
00:15:19,269 --> 00:15:18,000
broad of a brush when we just say

383
00:15:21,590 --> 00:15:19,279
scientists right because there's

384
00:15:23,509 --> 00:15:21,600
different kinds and some maybe not so

385
00:15:24,470 --> 00:15:23,519
applicable oh no

386
00:15:26,550 --> 00:15:24,480
i mean

387
00:15:29,269 --> 00:15:26,560
i should say you know i always remember

388
00:15:31,430 --> 00:15:29,279
this example of a congressman right that

389
00:15:34,710 --> 00:15:31,440
um that the head

390
00:15:35,829 --> 00:15:34,720
made anti-gay statements uh years ago

391
00:15:37,430 --> 00:15:35,839
and then when

392
00:15:39,590 --> 00:15:37,440
he retired

393
00:15:41,110 --> 00:15:39,600
he um came out of the closet and said

394
00:15:43,749 --> 00:15:41,120
that he's gay

395
00:15:47,350 --> 00:15:43,759
uh and so a lot of times when people

396
00:15:49,910 --> 00:15:47,360
respond negatively they sort of

397
00:15:52,629 --> 00:15:49,920
show a facade just to satisfy other

398
00:15:54,389 --> 00:15:52,639
people in some ways but deep down

399
00:15:55,509 --> 00:15:54,399
they're really intrigued

400
00:15:57,430 --> 00:15:55,519
yeah and

401
00:16:00,470 --> 00:15:57,440
i won't be surprised if many of the

402
00:16:02,790 --> 00:16:00,480
critics of my hypothesis

403
00:16:05,350 --> 00:16:02,800
end up being on my camp once the

404
00:16:07,910 --> 00:16:05,360
evidence is clear you know like uh if we

405
00:16:09,670 --> 00:16:07,920
find a high resolution and another

406
00:16:12,150 --> 00:16:09,680
object like como mo and take a high

407
00:16:14,710 --> 00:16:12,160
resolution image of it and we can see

408
00:16:16,870 --> 00:16:14,720
the buttons you can see the screws and

409
00:16:17,749 --> 00:16:16,880
the the bolts on it

410
00:16:19,910 --> 00:16:17,759
i think

411
00:16:22,389 --> 00:16:19,920
you know any reasonable person would be

412
00:16:23,910 --> 00:16:22,399
on on my side of the argument and and

413
00:16:25,749 --> 00:16:23,920
that's what we're trying to find of

414
00:16:27,670 --> 00:16:25,759
course you can argue there is no point

415
00:16:30,629 --> 00:16:27,680
in trying to find it because we know the

416
00:16:32,470 --> 00:16:30,639
answer in advance but my point is then

417
00:16:35,269 --> 00:16:32,480
you resemble the philosophers during the

418
00:16:37,110 --> 00:16:35,279
days of galileo yeah and yeah i mean

419
00:16:38,870 --> 00:16:37,120
it's a simple cliche but because it's

420
00:16:40,870 --> 00:16:38,880
true right you miss every shot you don't

421
00:16:42,550 --> 00:16:40,880
take

422
00:16:44,790 --> 00:16:42,560
yeah now the question i mean of course

423
00:16:47,670 --> 00:16:44,800
we live a short time and we don't want

424
00:16:50,949 --> 00:16:47,680
to waste our time chasing ghosts okay

425
00:16:52,949 --> 00:16:50,959
but on the other hand this is such a

426
00:16:55,269 --> 00:16:52,959
fundamental question that society cares

427
00:16:57,670 --> 00:16:55,279
about society funds science you should

428
00:16:59,670 --> 00:16:57,680
find out we now know that about half of

429
00:17:01,110 --> 00:16:59,680
the sun-like stars have a planet the

430
00:17:02,949 --> 00:17:01,120
size of the earth roughly the same

431
00:17:05,590 --> 00:17:02,959
separation so it's very reasonable to

432
00:17:07,750 --> 00:17:05,600
imagine something like us that existed

433
00:17:10,470 --> 00:17:07,760
around another star that sent equipment

434
00:17:12,630 --> 00:17:10,480
into space and predated us you know by a

435
00:17:14,150 --> 00:17:12,640
billion years

436
00:17:16,150 --> 00:17:14,160
and and i should say there are things

437
00:17:18,150 --> 00:17:16,160
that scientists are searching that are

438
00:17:19,669 --> 00:17:18,160
much more uncertain than this for

439
00:17:21,350 --> 00:17:19,679
example specifically

440
00:17:23,350 --> 00:17:21,360
dark matter you know we invested

441
00:17:25,669 --> 00:17:23,360
hundreds of millions of dollars for

442
00:17:27,750 --> 00:17:25,679
four decades and in some directions of

443
00:17:30,390 --> 00:17:27,760
time types of dark matter we haven't

444
00:17:32,390 --> 00:17:30,400
found it so my point is science the main

445
00:17:34,310 --> 00:17:32,400
stream of science is already

446
00:17:36,950 --> 00:17:34,320
going in directions that are far less

447
00:17:39,029 --> 00:17:36,960
than certain than this search and why

448
00:17:41,430 --> 00:17:39,039
not include it in the mainstream

449
00:17:42,870 --> 00:17:41,440
that's very true um what you know i want

450
00:17:45,190 --> 00:17:42,880
to do what you said just kind of

451
00:17:46,950 --> 00:17:45,200
reminded me of something i just heard

452
00:17:49,909 --> 00:17:46,960
you say which really struck me and kind

453
00:17:52,549 --> 00:17:49,919
of put me in an aw and it's a great line

454
00:17:55,669 --> 00:17:52,559
um there's more habitable earth mass

455
00:18:00,310 --> 00:17:55,679
planets in the observable universe than

456
00:18:01,350 --> 00:18:00,320
grains of sand on all of earth right is

457
00:18:04,310 --> 00:18:01,360
crazy

458
00:18:06,789 --> 00:18:04,320
well another another thing that might

459
00:18:08,950 --> 00:18:06,799
interest you is that you know both

460
00:18:10,150 --> 00:18:08,960
richard branson and jeff bezos lifted

461
00:18:12,710 --> 00:18:10,160
their body

462
00:18:16,549 --> 00:18:12,720
by one percent of the earth radius using

463
00:18:18,549 --> 00:18:16,559
their wealth recently right and then

464
00:18:20,470 --> 00:18:18,559
just by one percent of the radius of the

465
00:18:21,750 --> 00:18:20,480
earth that you know and they were very

466
00:18:22,950 --> 00:18:21,760
proud of that

467
00:18:25,029 --> 00:18:22,960
um

468
00:18:26,830 --> 00:18:25,039
you know the size of the universe is 10

469
00:18:28,390 --> 00:18:26,840
to the power 19

470
00:18:30,070 --> 00:18:28,400
times

471
00:18:31,190 --> 00:18:30,080
it was 20 you said before has that

472
00:18:32,150 --> 00:18:31,200
changed

473
00:18:34,310 --> 00:18:32,160
sorry

474
00:18:36,310 --> 00:18:34,320
um quarter of the stars in the milky way

475
00:18:37,110 --> 00:18:36,320
habitable 10 to the power of 20 is that

476
00:18:38,789 --> 00:18:37,120
right

477
00:18:41,510 --> 00:18:38,799
yeah yeah but i'm saying

478
00:18:43,750 --> 00:18:41,520
i'm saying the size not the number not

479
00:18:45,990 --> 00:18:43,760
the number of planets like the earth but

480
00:18:47,510 --> 00:18:46,000
the size of the universe the observable

481
00:18:49,590 --> 00:18:47,520
volume of the universe is 10 the power

482
00:18:51,590 --> 00:18:49,600
19 bigger than the radius of the earth

483
00:18:52,789 --> 00:18:51,600
that's a different number

484
00:18:57,430 --> 00:18:52,799
and

485
00:19:00,390 --> 00:18:57,440
space bragging

486
00:19:03,110 --> 00:19:00,400
is an oxymoron you can't really brag in

487
00:19:05,510 --> 00:19:03,120
space i think the only way you can be

488
00:19:06,630 --> 00:19:05,520
proud of yourself is if you were to

489
00:19:09,270 --> 00:19:06,640
launch

490
00:19:11,590 --> 00:19:09,280
uh a spacecraft that is equipped with

491
00:19:14,310 --> 00:19:11,600
artificial intelligence that you know

492
00:19:16,150 --> 00:19:14,320
carries your wishes into space that

493
00:19:19,350 --> 00:19:16,160
follows your guiding principles sort of

494
00:19:21,830 --> 00:19:19,360
like sending a kid into space and that

495
00:19:24,310 --> 00:19:21,840
system could survive for a billion years

496
00:19:26,230 --> 00:19:24,320
and travel through the milky way galaxy

497
00:19:28,710 --> 00:19:26,240
then you can be proud of that i mean

498
00:19:30,789 --> 00:19:28,720
that would make sense but being proud of

499
00:19:33,029 --> 00:19:30,799
lifting your body by one percent of the

500
00:19:35,350 --> 00:19:33,039
earth radius that's nothing in in the

501
00:19:36,710 --> 00:19:35,360
big scheme of things right i think the

502
00:19:38,549 --> 00:19:36,720
other thing i should

503
00:19:41,669 --> 00:19:38,559
yeah and another anecdote i should tell

504
00:19:43,510 --> 00:19:41,679
you is you know the new horizons uh

505
00:19:45,669 --> 00:19:43,520
spacecraft um

506
00:19:48,789 --> 00:19:45,679
carried the ashes of

507
00:19:51,430 --> 00:19:48,799
clyde tambo that discovered the pluto

508
00:19:53,669 --> 00:19:51,440
because it went to to explore

509
00:19:56,390 --> 00:19:53,679
pluto interesting

510
00:20:00,070 --> 00:19:56,400
now what are ashes if you think about it

511
00:20:00,870 --> 00:20:00,080
ashes are burnt up dna you know you take

512
00:20:12,230 --> 00:20:00,880
the

513
00:20:14,470 --> 00:20:12,240
that made this body right so you're

514
00:20:16,230 --> 00:20:14,480
burning up all the information then you

515
00:20:18,230 --> 00:20:16,240
put it on a spacecraft that makes very

516
00:20:20,070 --> 00:20:18,240
little sense in celebration of the

517
00:20:22,710 --> 00:20:20,080
person if you wanted to celebrate the

518
00:20:23,830 --> 00:20:22,720
person clyde tumba the discovered pluto

519
00:20:25,909 --> 00:20:23,840
what you really want to do

520
00:20:28,310 --> 00:20:25,919
scientifically is put

521
00:20:30,549 --> 00:20:28,320
uh the dna of that person the

522
00:20:32,470 --> 00:20:30,559
information encoded in the dna on the

523
00:20:35,350 --> 00:20:32,480
spacecraft you can put it in electronic

524
00:20:37,830 --> 00:20:35,360
form you can take a stem cell and freeze

525
00:20:40,070 --> 00:20:37,840
it from the body of the person you don't

526
00:20:41,830 --> 00:20:40,080
burn it and then put the ashes i mean

527
00:20:43,990 --> 00:20:41,840
that is actually a disgrace you're

528
00:20:45,029 --> 00:20:44,000
saying

529
00:20:47,029 --> 00:20:45,039
so

530
00:20:49,750 --> 00:20:47,039
you know think about it this this new

531
00:20:52,470 --> 00:20:49,760
horizons mission was sent by nasa you

532
00:20:55,750 --> 00:20:52,480
know and you would expect science to be

533
00:20:57,510 --> 00:20:55,760
celebrated on such a mission but instead

534
00:20:59,990 --> 00:20:57,520
what they put on the mission

535
00:21:02,789 --> 00:21:00,000
is ashes of a person that they wanted to

536
00:21:04,310 --> 00:21:02,799
celebrate i would say that

537
00:21:06,789 --> 00:21:04,320
what do you do if you want the guy

538
00:21:08,710 --> 00:21:06,799
wanted to be cremated

539
00:21:10,310 --> 00:21:08,720
fine so don't send anything i mean when

540
00:21:12,149 --> 00:21:10,320
you're sending ashes you're sending

541
00:21:13,830 --> 00:21:12,159
nothing basically

542
00:21:15,029 --> 00:21:13,840
i destroyed the information about this

543
00:21:17,590 --> 00:21:15,039
person

544
00:21:18,390 --> 00:21:17,600
why would you send that message to space

545
00:21:20,390 --> 00:21:18,400
uh

546
00:21:22,390 --> 00:21:20,400
it's better not anything

547
00:21:24,710 --> 00:21:22,400
i mean it's sort of like

548
00:21:26,549 --> 00:21:24,720
uh admitting that you don't care about

549
00:21:29,510 --> 00:21:26,559
this person while saying i do care about

550
00:21:31,430 --> 00:21:29,520
this person that makes no sense

551
00:21:33,830 --> 00:21:31,440
i mean anything intelligent out there

552
00:21:35,110 --> 00:21:33,840
must think we are just losing it i mean

553
00:21:36,230 --> 00:21:35,120
yeah what have we said

554
00:21:38,470 --> 00:21:36,240
tesla

555
00:21:40,710 --> 00:21:38,480
ashes

556
00:21:42,470 --> 00:21:40,720
and also if you think before that in the

557
00:21:45,669 --> 00:21:42,480
voyager mission there was the golden

558
00:21:47,830 --> 00:21:45,679
record yes that was like who cares about

559
00:21:49,430 --> 00:21:47,840
the beatles you know out there

560
00:21:51,830 --> 00:21:49,440
like who cares about like they're gonna

561
00:21:54,230 --> 00:21:51,840
be like what is this oh

562
00:21:55,669 --> 00:21:54,240
the beatles yeah no

563
00:21:57,430 --> 00:21:55,679
no but i mean

564
00:21:59,590 --> 00:21:57,440
we are proud of ourselves of course but

565
00:22:01,669 --> 00:21:59,600
but if you think about another

566
00:22:03,590 --> 00:22:01,679
civilization that perhaps

567
00:22:05,510 --> 00:22:03,600
was more technologically advanced by a

568
00:22:07,590 --> 00:22:05,520
thousand years than us

569
00:22:10,070 --> 00:22:07,600
you know they would look at us as if we

570
00:22:13,510 --> 00:22:10,080
are the cavemen you know i think we are

571
00:22:15,909 --> 00:22:13,520
so why should we brag you know that that

572
00:22:18,630 --> 00:22:15,919
makes no sense no yeah it should be a

573
00:22:21,350 --> 00:22:18,640
humble attitude right looking for more

574
00:22:26,549 --> 00:22:23,190
so i was interested in this i kind of

575
00:22:28,310 --> 00:22:26,559
wanted to update on this uh prox

576
00:22:30,710 --> 00:22:28,320
proxima b

577
00:22:33,510 --> 00:22:30,720
um i think the video i watched it was a

578
00:22:35,190 --> 00:22:33,520
ted talk perhaps you were thinking about

579
00:22:38,149 --> 00:22:35,200
if it had an atmosphere and there's a

580
00:22:41,270 --> 00:22:38,159
way you could tell but i believe you

581
00:22:43,669 --> 00:22:41,280
said in 2019 which is two years ago now

582
00:22:45,990 --> 00:22:43,679
the james webb telescope may be able to

583
00:22:47,909 --> 00:22:46,000
tell us is there an update there

584
00:22:49,750 --> 00:22:47,919
right so the james webb space telescope

585
00:22:51,750 --> 00:22:49,760
is supposed to be launched by the end of

586
00:22:54,070 --> 00:22:51,760
this calendar year uh we don't know

587
00:22:56,549 --> 00:22:54,080
exactly when

588
00:22:58,230 --> 00:22:56,559
you know the delays in the launch but

589
00:23:01,669 --> 00:22:58,240
hopefully before the end of the calendar

590
00:23:02,390 --> 00:23:01,679
year and in principle yes it could tell

591
00:23:03,590 --> 00:23:02,400
us

592
00:23:05,190 --> 00:23:03,600
uh

593
00:23:07,510 --> 00:23:05,200
not immediately but it would take some

594
00:23:10,070 --> 00:23:07,520
time eventually because

595
00:23:11,590 --> 00:23:10,080
as the planet moves around the star you

596
00:23:14,230 --> 00:23:11,600
know it's uh

597
00:23:15,830 --> 00:23:14,240
it it always shows the same face to the

598
00:23:18,470 --> 00:23:15,840
star because it's very close to it just

599
00:23:20,390 --> 00:23:18,480
like the moon shows us the same face

600
00:23:23,750 --> 00:23:20,400
right it moves around the earth this is

601
00:23:26,070 --> 00:23:23,760
called the tidally locked object when

602
00:23:28,950 --> 00:23:26,080
tides are locking the object to show the

603
00:23:31,110 --> 00:23:28,960
same face to the central object which in

604
00:23:33,909 --> 00:23:31,120
our case is the earth relative to the

605
00:23:36,950 --> 00:23:33,919
moon in the case of proxima b it's the

606
00:23:39,110 --> 00:23:36,960
star proxima centauri relative to the

607
00:23:40,789 --> 00:23:39,120
planet so the planet always shows the

608
00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:40,799
same face because it's very close it's

609
00:23:44,789 --> 00:23:42,640
20 times closer than the earth is from

610
00:23:47,269 --> 00:23:44,799
the sun and then there is a permanent

611
00:23:50,630 --> 00:23:47,279
day side and a permanent night side

612
00:23:52,950 --> 00:23:50,640
and so one side is constantly lit and

613
00:23:54,789 --> 00:23:52,960
the other one is dark and my daughters

614
00:23:57,190 --> 00:23:54,799
by the way say that if if we ever go

615
00:23:59,190 --> 00:23:57,200
there they want to have a house in the

616
00:24:01,350 --> 00:23:59,200
strip that separates the two sides where

617
00:24:02,950 --> 00:24:01,360
you can see the sunset forever you sit

618
00:24:05,269 --> 00:24:02,960
in the porch and you watch the sunset

619
00:24:06,870 --> 00:24:05,279
forever the sun never sets because there

620
00:24:08,630 --> 00:24:06,880
is a permanent dayside and a permanent

621
00:24:09,510 --> 00:24:08,640
nightside on the two sides

622
00:24:10,470 --> 00:24:09,520
anyway

623
00:24:12,789 --> 00:24:10,480
so

624
00:24:14,870 --> 00:24:12,799
there is a temperature i mean the

625
00:24:16,390 --> 00:24:14,880
temperature on the day side is higher

626
00:24:18,950 --> 00:24:16,400
than the temperature on the night side

627
00:24:21,110 --> 00:24:18,960
so it's hotter the day side is hotter

628
00:24:22,870 --> 00:24:21,120
than the night side and

629
00:24:24,870 --> 00:24:22,880
the temperature difference between the

630
00:24:26,310 --> 00:24:24,880
day side and the night side depends on

631
00:24:28,950 --> 00:24:26,320
whether there is an atmosphere because

632
00:24:31,350 --> 00:24:28,960
the atmosphere would circulate the heat

633
00:24:33,110 --> 00:24:31,360
and moderate the temperature contrast

634
00:24:35,430 --> 00:24:33,120
between water

635
00:24:37,430 --> 00:24:35,440
so if you can infer as the planet moves

636
00:24:39,669 --> 00:24:37,440
around the star you can see more of the

637
00:24:41,669 --> 00:24:39,679
dayside in some phases

638
00:24:44,070 --> 00:24:41,679
and more of the night side in other

639
00:24:46,549 --> 00:24:44,080
phases as it moves it moves every 11

640
00:24:48,710 --> 00:24:46,559
days so by measuring the temperature

641
00:24:50,310 --> 00:24:48,720
contrast between the two sides you can

642
00:24:52,230 --> 00:24:50,320
infer whether there is an atmosphere

643
00:24:54,390 --> 00:24:52,240
that was the paper we've wrote written

644
00:24:56,470 --> 00:24:54,400
with laura kreitberg

645
00:24:58,630 --> 00:24:56,480
in 2017 and

646
00:25:00,390 --> 00:24:58,640
we predicted that the james webb space

647
00:25:02,789 --> 00:25:00,400
telescope can measure that temperature

648
00:25:04,630 --> 00:25:02,799
contrast between the days and nightside

649
00:25:06,149 --> 00:25:04,640
we hope that it will be done and you

650
00:25:08,390 --> 00:25:06,159
know we still have to wait that

651
00:25:10,149 --> 00:25:08,400
everything works and

652
00:25:12,070 --> 00:25:10,159
now on top of that there is an

653
00:25:13,669 --> 00:25:12,080
interesting question that i wrote

654
00:25:16,070 --> 00:25:13,679
another paper about the just a few

655
00:25:19,029 --> 00:25:16,080
months ago that the james webb space

656
00:25:21,110 --> 00:25:19,039
telescope could answer and that is

657
00:25:23,190 --> 00:25:21,120
if the night side you know if there is a

658
00:25:24,870 --> 00:25:23,200
civilization there okay imagine that

659
00:25:26,070 --> 00:25:24,880
there are cities on the

660
00:25:27,510 --> 00:25:26,080
on the night side they want to

661
00:25:30,149 --> 00:25:27,520
illuminate

662
00:25:32,470 --> 00:25:30,159
the night side because it's dark so they

663
00:25:34,710 --> 00:25:32,480
what they can do is put the photovoltaic

664
00:25:36,789 --> 00:25:34,720
cells on the day side and transfer

665
00:25:38,789 --> 00:25:36,799
electricity to the night side and

666
00:25:40,390 --> 00:25:38,799
illuminate the night side so

667
00:25:42,789 --> 00:25:40,400
the question is what level of

668
00:25:45,269 --> 00:25:42,799
illumination just like we illuminate the

669
00:25:47,350 --> 00:25:45,279
night in cities what level illumination

670
00:25:49,350 --> 00:25:47,360
could we detect because then the the

671
00:25:52,310 --> 00:25:49,360
contrast in the light between the day

672
00:25:54,470 --> 00:25:52,320
and night would be moderated again now

673
00:25:56,870 --> 00:25:54,480
by artificial illumination

674
00:25:59,269 --> 00:25:56,880
and we asked the question of what will

675
00:25:59,990 --> 00:25:59,279
jwst be able to detect

676
00:26:02,310 --> 00:26:00,000
and

677
00:26:04,070 --> 00:26:02,320
it's an interesting possibility that you

678
00:26:05,909 --> 00:26:04,080
could tell that there is a civilization

679
00:26:08,710 --> 00:26:05,919
on a planet just by seeing that the

680
00:26:10,350 --> 00:26:08,720
night side is also illuminated by city

681
00:26:11,830 --> 00:26:10,360
lights yeah that's intense

682
00:26:14,549 --> 00:26:11,840
[Laughter]

683
00:26:17,510 --> 00:26:14,559
you i feel like um and you probably feel

684
00:26:19,750 --> 00:26:17,520
this way as well in throughout your span

685
00:26:21,830 --> 00:26:19,760
of um your career

686
00:26:24,870 --> 00:26:21,840
have you noticed the tools and

687
00:26:26,870 --> 00:26:24,880
technology are ever adapting to our

688
00:26:28,549 --> 00:26:26,880
needs as far as wanting to

689
00:26:29,990 --> 00:26:28,559
look out to the universe and actually

690
00:26:31,430 --> 00:26:30,000
make sense of it

691
00:26:33,269 --> 00:26:31,440
well it's the other way around we

692
00:26:35,590 --> 00:26:33,279
develop tools

693
00:26:38,950 --> 00:26:35,600
like our technology is evolving and as a

694
00:26:41,510 --> 00:26:38,960
result we are able to

695
00:26:43,830 --> 00:26:41,520
get better data about the universe so

696
00:26:46,230 --> 00:26:43,840
you know the telescopes that existed a

697
00:26:48,870 --> 00:26:46,240
century ago were not as good as the ones

698
00:26:50,950 --> 00:26:48,880
we have now and as a result people had

699
00:26:53,750 --> 00:26:50,960
very sort of simplistic view about the

700
00:26:55,269 --> 00:26:53,760
universe i can give you two anecdotes

701
00:26:57,110 --> 00:26:55,279
a century back

702
00:26:58,630 --> 00:26:57,120
uh there was the question of

703
00:27:00,950 --> 00:26:58,640
whether we should build a telescope

704
00:27:03,430 --> 00:27:00,960
bigger than the height of a person okay

705
00:27:05,269 --> 00:27:03,440
about two meters or so and

706
00:27:07,590 --> 00:27:05,279
the director of the harvard college

707
00:27:10,470 --> 00:27:07,600
observatory uh

708
00:27:13,029 --> 00:27:10,480
pickering he argued that no we should

709
00:27:14,789 --> 00:27:13,039
not because what is there to see you

710
00:27:17,029 --> 00:27:14,799
know we already see stars there is

711
00:27:19,669 --> 00:27:17,039
nothing to learn beyond what we already

712
00:27:20,950 --> 00:27:19,679
know no benefit to our knowledge

713
00:27:23,110 --> 00:27:20,960
therefore

714
00:27:24,950 --> 00:27:23,120
harvard university should not engage in

715
00:27:27,190 --> 00:27:24,960
a bigger telescope than the height of a

716
00:27:28,789 --> 00:27:27,200
person that's what he was arguing

717
00:27:30,950 --> 00:27:28,799
and as a result

718
00:27:38,389 --> 00:27:30,960
the

719
00:27:40,470 --> 00:27:38,399
of observational astronomy because over

720
00:27:43,029 --> 00:27:40,480
there there were no observatories

721
00:27:45,029 --> 00:27:43,039
constructed starting on mount wilson

722
00:27:47,269 --> 00:27:45,039
where telescopes bigger than the height

723
00:27:48,549 --> 00:27:47,279
of a person were built and harvard was

724
00:27:50,870 --> 00:27:48,559
not part of that because of this

725
00:27:52,950 --> 00:27:50,880
strategic misconception

726
00:27:54,470 --> 00:27:52,960
of the harvard college observatory

727
00:27:56,630 --> 00:27:54,480
director so that's

728
00:27:59,110 --> 00:27:56,640
an example for how

729
00:28:01,510 --> 00:27:59,120
bigger telescopes allowed us to realize

730
00:28:04,070 --> 00:28:01,520
it's not just stars you know we can see

731
00:28:05,830 --> 00:28:04,080
uh galaxies you know they actually the

732
00:28:08,549 --> 00:28:05,840
expansion of the universe was first

733
00:28:11,269 --> 00:28:08,559
realized on one mount wilson that was a

734
00:28:14,070 --> 00:28:11,279
discovery waiting to be to happen that

735
00:28:16,230 --> 00:28:14,080
was not anticipated by pickering and the

736
00:28:19,110 --> 00:28:16,240
hubble used that telescope on mount

737
00:28:20,950 --> 00:28:19,120
wilson uh to figure out that the

738
00:28:23,669 --> 00:28:20,960
universe is expanding so here is an

739
00:28:25,750 --> 00:28:23,679
amazing discovery that was missed as a

740
00:28:27,590 --> 00:28:25,760
result of misconception

741
00:28:29,269 --> 00:28:27,600
and beyond that you know we know of so

742
00:28:31,909 --> 00:28:29,279
many things that we can see with much

743
00:28:35,269 --> 00:28:31,919
bigger telescopes especially in space

744
00:28:38,149 --> 00:28:35,279
another example is in the 1960s nasa

745
00:28:39,430 --> 00:28:38,159
assembled a committee that would

746
00:28:42,470 --> 00:28:39,440
discuss

747
00:28:45,029 --> 00:28:42,480
the need for an x-ray telescope in space

748
00:28:47,190 --> 00:28:45,039
because you cannot see x-rays

749
00:28:50,310 --> 00:28:47,200
on the ground because the atmosphere is

750
00:28:52,789 --> 00:28:50,320
opaque it blocks x-rays so you have to

751
00:28:55,510 --> 00:28:52,799
build a space telescope to see x-rays

752
00:28:57,830 --> 00:28:55,520
and nasa wanted to know if it was doing

753
00:29:01,110 --> 00:28:57,840
it so there was a committee of

754
00:29:03,590 --> 00:29:01,120
distinguished scholars and it concluded

755
00:29:05,750 --> 00:29:03,600
no we don't think it's necessary to do

756
00:29:07,669 --> 00:29:05,760
that because

757
00:29:10,149 --> 00:29:07,679
you know we know that the sun emits

758
00:29:13,750 --> 00:29:10,159
x-rays and so okay other stars would

759
00:29:15,669 --> 00:29:13,760
emit x-rays so what what's the big point

760
00:29:17,750 --> 00:29:15,679
you know we shouldn't invest in a new

761
00:29:20,310 --> 00:29:17,760
telescope just to see the emission from

762
00:29:21,830 --> 00:29:20,320
other stars in x-rays who cares we

763
00:29:24,070 --> 00:29:21,840
pretty much understand what the sun is

764
00:29:26,630 --> 00:29:24,080
doing in x-rays and therefore it's not

765
00:29:29,510 --> 00:29:26,640
worth the money that was in 1960

766
00:29:32,389 --> 00:29:29,520
eventually ultimately nasa did build an

767
00:29:33,750 --> 00:29:32,399
x-ray telescope in the 70s and then we

768
00:29:35,669 --> 00:29:33,760
discovered

769
00:29:38,870 --> 00:29:35,679
accreting black holes black holes that

770
00:29:40,950 --> 00:29:38,880
emit x-rays we discovered x-rays coming

771
00:29:43,830 --> 00:29:40,960
from neutron stars you know x-rays

772
00:29:45,750 --> 00:29:43,840
coming from clusters of galaxies there

773
00:29:49,269 --> 00:29:45,760
is a whole by the way the nobel prize

774
00:29:50,870 --> 00:29:49,279
was given for those early uh

775
00:29:53,990 --> 00:29:50,880
discoveries

776
00:29:56,389 --> 00:29:54,000
them in x-ray astronomy and uh and and

777
00:29:58,710 --> 00:29:56,399
so it became a whole new window into the

778
00:30:01,430 --> 00:29:58,720
universe we found of on or not we found

779
00:30:04,230 --> 00:30:01,440
objects that we've never imagined before

780
00:30:07,190 --> 00:30:04,240
uh especially black hole systems uh that

781
00:30:09,750 --> 00:30:07,200
emit x-rays and so here is another

782
00:30:12,310 --> 00:30:09,760
situation where the ability to build an

783
00:30:13,669 --> 00:30:12,320
x-ray telescope in space allowed us to

784
00:30:15,590 --> 00:30:13,679
see the universe in a completely

785
00:30:17,510 --> 00:30:15,600
different way most recently it was

786
00:30:18,710 --> 00:30:17,520
gravitational waves you know the ligo

787
00:30:20,950 --> 00:30:18,720
experiment

788
00:30:22,470 --> 00:30:20,960
uh opened the new window into the

789
00:30:23,350 --> 00:30:22,480
universe and by the way

790
00:30:26,710 --> 00:30:23,360
in

791
00:30:28,630 --> 00:30:26,720
january 2013 i gave a lecture at the

792
00:30:31,510 --> 00:30:28,640
winter school in jerusalem about the

793
00:30:33,669 --> 00:30:31,520
gravitational wave astrophysics and

794
00:30:36,710 --> 00:30:33,679
ten minutes into my talk

795
00:30:38,549 --> 00:30:36,720
uh one of the other lecturers who is 20

796
00:30:40,710 --> 00:30:38,559
years younger than i am just to show you

797
00:30:43,029 --> 00:30:40,720
that it's not a matter of age he stood

798
00:30:45,269 --> 00:30:43,039
up and said why are you wasting the time

799
00:30:47,190 --> 00:30:45,279
of these students on a subject that will

800
00:30:48,630 --> 00:30:47,200
never be important throughout their

801
00:30:51,750 --> 00:30:48,640
career

802
00:30:54,230 --> 00:30:51,760
and i felt really uh

803
00:30:56,070 --> 00:30:54,240
frustrated by that because here stands a

804
00:30:58,070 --> 00:30:56,080
younger person telling me not to speak

805
00:30:59,669 --> 00:30:58,080
about the subject because i'm wasting

806
00:31:01,909 --> 00:30:59,679
the time of the students and he said

807
00:31:03,110 --> 00:31:01,919
that you know publicly in front of all

808
00:31:05,750 --> 00:31:03,120
the students

809
00:31:07,830 --> 00:31:05,760
and then two and a half years later the

810
00:31:09,669 --> 00:31:07,840
ligo experiment reported the discovery

811
00:31:11,430 --> 00:31:09,679
of gravitational waves from the

812
00:31:14,789 --> 00:31:11,440
collision of two black holes at the edge

813
00:31:16,710 --> 00:31:14,799
of the universe that was august 2015.

814
00:31:18,950 --> 00:31:16,720
just two and a half years later these

815
00:31:20,549 --> 00:31:18,960
students were still doing their phd not

816
00:31:22,870 --> 00:31:20,559
to speak about their careers that

817
00:31:24,630 --> 00:31:22,880
haven't really started right and

818
00:31:28,070 --> 00:31:24,640
this became the hottest

819
00:31:30,789 --> 00:31:28,080
frontier in astrophysics now this person

820
00:31:33,029 --> 00:31:30,799
this lecture that made the comment

821
00:31:34,549 --> 00:31:33,039
during my talk you know i haven't spoken

822
00:31:36,630 --> 00:31:34,559
to him since then but he would he

823
00:31:39,029 --> 00:31:36,640
probably forgot about it but it just

824
00:31:42,230 --> 00:31:39,039
shows you how narrow-minded sometimes uh

825
00:31:44,830 --> 00:31:42,240
as farmers are it's it's kind of a human

826
00:31:46,630 --> 00:31:44,840
trait in general isn't it just being

827
00:31:47,990 --> 00:31:46,640
pessimistic um

828
00:31:49,750 --> 00:31:48,000
yeah but you know

829
00:31:51,509 --> 00:31:49,760
that's not going to happen

830
00:31:53,750 --> 00:31:51,519
my point is we can't afford being

831
00:31:56,710 --> 00:31:53,760
pessimistic because we in a short time

832
00:31:59,110 --> 00:31:56,720
right so why waste the time just being

833
00:32:01,430 --> 00:31:59,120
pessimistic

834
00:32:04,470 --> 00:32:01,440
we live for a short time let's be happy

835
00:32:06,149 --> 00:32:04,480
let's be like exploratory let's not

836
00:32:08,070 --> 00:32:06,159
worry about making mistakes you know

837
00:32:09,990 --> 00:32:08,080
just like kids when you are a kid you

838
00:32:12,389 --> 00:32:10,000
don't think about your death you don't

839
00:32:15,029 --> 00:32:12,399
think about pessimistic things and you

840
00:32:16,789 --> 00:32:15,039
just explore the world and that's a fun

841
00:32:18,549 --> 00:32:16,799
thing to do especially when you're a

842
00:32:19,990 --> 00:32:18,559
scientist you know that's a privilege

843
00:32:22,549 --> 00:32:20,000
that you're given to maintain your

844
00:32:24,389 --> 00:32:22,559
childhood curiosity but then those kids

845
00:32:25,750 --> 00:32:24,399
that become scientists suddenly become

846
00:32:28,149 --> 00:32:25,760
very sort of

847
00:32:29,909 --> 00:32:28,159
uh serious and worry about their image

848
00:32:31,430 --> 00:32:29,919
and don't want to discuss some things

849
00:32:33,830 --> 00:32:31,440
and don't want to collect evidence on

850
00:32:36,950 --> 00:32:33,840
some things and you know they block

851
00:32:38,149 --> 00:32:36,960
their curiosity and you know my most

852
00:32:39,110 --> 00:32:38,159
memorable

853
00:32:41,430 --> 00:32:39,120
uh

854
00:32:42,470 --> 00:32:41,440
image from my childhood is being a

855
00:32:43,350 --> 00:32:42,480
dinner

856
00:32:45,509 --> 00:32:43,360
and

857
00:32:47,590 --> 00:32:45,519
asking a question a difficult question

858
00:32:49,990 --> 00:32:47,600
and then the adults in the room quote

859
00:32:51,509 --> 00:32:50,000
unquote would basically pretend that

860
00:32:53,750 --> 00:32:51,519
they know the answer even though they

861
00:32:56,230 --> 00:32:53,760
didn't really know it i i remember that

862
00:32:58,389 --> 00:32:56,240
vividly and then if i asked an even more

863
00:33:00,630 --> 00:32:58,399
difficult question the adults in the

864
00:33:01,430 --> 00:33:00,640
room would dismiss it they would say oh

865
00:33:03,350 --> 00:33:01,440
that's

866
00:33:05,029 --> 00:33:03,360
that doesn't make any sense you know

867
00:33:05,909 --> 00:33:05,039
they wouldn't want to discuss the

868
00:33:08,070 --> 00:33:05,919
question

869
00:33:10,710 --> 00:33:08,080
and i thought that by becoming a

870
00:33:12,870 --> 00:33:10,720
scientist you know the my experience

871
00:33:14,870 --> 00:33:12,880
will change i will ask questions and my

872
00:33:17,029 --> 00:33:14,880
colleagues would say great let's explore

873
00:33:19,269 --> 00:33:17,039
this you know let's but

874
00:33:22,149 --> 00:33:19,279
i must say that this experience repeats

875
00:33:23,269 --> 00:33:22,159
where uh sign other scientists dismiss

876
00:33:24,870 --> 00:33:23,279
the question

877
00:33:27,190 --> 00:33:24,880
they pretend they know more than they

878
00:33:29,830 --> 00:33:27,200
actually know yeah well i think it's

879
00:33:32,149 --> 00:33:29,840
lazy right i mean i know it's completely

880
00:33:33,990 --> 00:33:32,159
two different categories but i've spent

881
00:33:36,149 --> 00:33:34,000
a lot of time in commercial sales and

882
00:33:39,269 --> 00:33:36,159
everything and it you know there's a

883
00:33:42,230 --> 00:33:39,279
similarity there where the sales guy

884
00:33:44,630 --> 00:33:42,240
will pretend he knows a lot more than he

885
00:33:46,870 --> 00:33:44,640
does and then what happens is even if he

886
00:33:47,990 --> 00:33:46,880
gets the sale which happens

887
00:33:50,630 --> 00:33:48,000
um

888
00:33:53,509 --> 00:33:50,640
that comes out eventually and then

889
00:33:55,830 --> 00:33:53,519
you're made to look not so hot right but

890
00:33:57,669 --> 00:33:55,840
you know science is not about

891
00:33:59,909 --> 00:33:57,679
your image it's not about getting more

892
00:34:01,750 --> 00:33:59,919
likes it's not about selling something

893
00:34:03,190 --> 00:34:01,760
it's a non-profit

894
00:34:06,149 --> 00:34:03,200
not-for-profit

895
00:34:08,710 --> 00:34:06,159
activity and what science is about is

896
00:34:10,710 --> 00:34:08,720
gaining uh knowledge about the world you

897
00:34:12,470 --> 00:34:10,720
know trying to figure out the world and

898
00:34:14,550 --> 00:34:12,480
life's about in that you should you

899
00:34:16,230 --> 00:34:14,560
should expose your weaknesses when you

900
00:34:18,710 --> 00:34:16,240
don't know something you should admit it

901
00:34:20,950 --> 00:34:18,720
because that allows you to make progress

902
00:34:22,629 --> 00:34:20,960
uh you know if you make mistakes you

903
00:34:24,550 --> 00:34:22,639
know that's not so bad because it's a

904
00:34:27,030 --> 00:34:24,560
learning experience you know and

905
00:34:28,869 --> 00:34:27,040
um if you forbid yourself from asking

906
00:34:31,510 --> 00:34:28,879
some questions then you maintain your

907
00:34:33,190 --> 00:34:31,520
ignorance if you don't allow yourself to

908
00:34:34,629 --> 00:34:33,200
realize that maybe the earth moves

909
00:34:37,349 --> 00:34:34,639
around the sun

910
00:34:39,109 --> 00:34:37,359
you know you you just remain ignorant

911
00:34:40,710 --> 00:34:39,119
because you will never test whether you

912
00:34:42,470 --> 00:34:40,720
are correct or not you will never look

913
00:34:44,230 --> 00:34:42,480
through the telescope we don't want to

914
00:34:45,990 --> 00:34:44,240
repeat that mistake you know as a

915
00:34:48,950 --> 00:34:46,000
scientist within the galileo project

916
00:34:49,990 --> 00:34:48,960
that i uh established last month

917
00:34:52,149 --> 00:34:50,000
yeah

918
00:34:55,349 --> 00:34:52,159
let me ask you for a little piece of

919
00:34:58,150 --> 00:34:55,359
advice i mean i i would consider you uh

920
00:34:59,990 --> 00:34:58,160
successful um you have a dream you're

921
00:35:01,510 --> 00:35:00,000
going for it that's your life that's

922
00:35:03,990 --> 00:35:01,520
successful to me

923
00:35:06,310 --> 00:35:04,000
um if you have one piece of advice for

924
00:35:08,870 --> 00:35:06,320
people in this community let's just say

925
00:35:11,750 --> 00:35:08,880
ufo twitter for lack of a better term

926
00:35:13,349 --> 00:35:11,760
um to get truth

927
00:35:15,990 --> 00:35:13,359
what would you give them what would you

928
00:35:18,390 --> 00:35:16,000
say okay so um the one thing that is

929
00:35:21,109 --> 00:35:18,400
clear to me is that we need better

930
00:35:22,790 --> 00:35:21,119
evidence than is available out

931
00:35:24,470 --> 00:35:22,800
to the public right now i mean it's

932
00:35:27,109 --> 00:35:24,480
possible that there is classified

933
00:35:28,950 --> 00:35:27,119
information that some people sow but we

934
00:35:30,790 --> 00:35:28,960
don't have access to it and frankly i

935
00:35:33,030 --> 00:35:30,800
don't want access to it because it would

936
00:35:34,790 --> 00:35:33,040
limit my freedom as a scientist

937
00:35:37,510 --> 00:35:34,800
but i think the key

938
00:35:39,829 --> 00:35:37,520
to making this a mainstream

939
00:35:43,510 --> 00:35:39,839
uh subject of of the scientific

940
00:35:46,230 --> 00:35:43,520
community is to get clear-cut evidence

941
00:35:48,550 --> 00:35:46,240
you know like for example a megapixel

942
00:35:51,030 --> 00:35:48,560
image of a uap okay just a

943
00:35:53,750 --> 00:35:51,040
high-resolution image that tells us

944
00:35:56,390 --> 00:35:53,760
here is an object it has bolts and

945
00:35:58,870 --> 00:35:56,400
screws on it there are even buttons that

946
00:35:59,990 --> 00:35:58,880
you can press okay so when you have such

947
00:36:02,310 --> 00:36:00,000
an image

948
00:36:03,910 --> 00:36:02,320
rather than a fuzzy image of something

949
00:36:05,990 --> 00:36:03,920
moving in a way that you can't really

950
00:36:08,150 --> 00:36:06,000
understand that's not convincing to

951
00:36:10,390 --> 00:36:08,160
assign this also you have to understand

952
00:36:13,430 --> 00:36:10,400
that even though in the courtroom

953
00:36:15,430 --> 00:36:13,440
eyewitness testimony counts and you you

954
00:36:17,589 --> 00:36:15,440
know if you have corroborating evidence

955
00:36:20,310 --> 00:36:17,599
from multiple people you can put another

956
00:36:22,230 --> 00:36:20,320
person in jail that doesn't hold water

957
00:36:24,630 --> 00:36:22,240
in science science is based on

958
00:36:27,349 --> 00:36:24,640
quantitative measurements by

959
00:36:29,190 --> 00:36:27,359
instruments that you have

960
00:36:32,150 --> 00:36:29,200
that you have full control over so if

961
00:36:34,870 --> 00:36:32,160
you have a jittery camera in the cockpit

962
00:36:36,550 --> 00:36:34,880
of a fighter jet that is not a

963
00:36:38,310 --> 00:36:36,560
scientific experiment because you don't

964
00:36:40,470 --> 00:36:38,320
know what the fighter jet was doing when

965
00:36:42,870 --> 00:36:40,480
the images were taken right so if the

966
00:36:44,390 --> 00:36:42,880
fighter jet moves in a strange way the

967
00:36:46,470 --> 00:36:44,400
image may move in

968
00:36:48,310 --> 00:36:46,480
also in a strange way what you want is

969
00:36:49,990 --> 00:36:48,320
to have full control

970
00:36:51,829 --> 00:36:50,000
over the instruments that you're using

971
00:36:53,349 --> 00:36:51,839
so that you know exactly what it is

972
00:36:55,589 --> 00:36:53,359
happening and

973
00:36:57,670 --> 00:36:55,599
also have open data that

974
00:37:00,230 --> 00:36:57,680
and that you analyze through transparent

975
00:37:02,230 --> 00:37:00,240
analysis and that's what galileo project

976
00:37:04,870 --> 00:37:02,240
aims to do so what i would highly

977
00:37:06,069 --> 00:37:04,880
recommend on this subject to bring it to

978
00:37:08,470 --> 00:37:06,079
the mainstream

979
00:37:09,910 --> 00:37:08,480
uh we need to get better data scientific

980
00:37:12,390 --> 00:37:09,920
quality data

981
00:37:13,109 --> 00:37:12,400
and analyze it in an open way so that

982
00:37:19,750 --> 00:37:13,119
not

983
00:37:21,990 --> 00:37:19,760
a curtain of

984
00:37:24,230 --> 00:37:22,000
government sensors that are classified

985
00:37:26,470 --> 00:37:24,240
that we can't really get access to right

986
00:37:28,470 --> 00:37:26,480
and then this way you know if it's open

987
00:37:30,950 --> 00:37:28,480
and done in the scientific way and and

988
00:37:33,190 --> 00:37:30,960
we are using the very best instruments

989
00:37:35,270 --> 00:37:33,200
that we can get our hands on

990
00:37:38,710 --> 00:37:35,280
uh we will know you know so it's

991
00:37:41,430 --> 00:37:38,720
possible it's possible that the uap are

992
00:37:43,589 --> 00:37:41,440
have mundane explanations you know once

993
00:37:45,510 --> 00:37:43,599
we get those images maybe we'll see that

994
00:37:48,310 --> 00:37:45,520
most of them are

995
00:37:50,630 --> 00:37:48,320
a third or a drone or an airplane or

996
00:37:53,750 --> 00:37:50,640
something of that sort my point is even

997
00:37:56,069 --> 00:37:53,760
if one is of extraterrestrial origin

998
00:37:59,589 --> 00:37:56,079
that's sufficient so it may well be a

999
00:38:02,950 --> 00:37:59,599
mixed bag uh yeah we want to get

1000
00:38:05,750 --> 00:38:02,960
that one object uh we want to resolve it

1001
00:38:07,750 --> 00:38:05,760
have a very good image of it and measure

1002
00:38:08,470 --> 00:38:07,760
very well how it's moving

1003
00:38:11,510 --> 00:38:08,480
so

1004
00:38:13,510 --> 00:38:11,520
that is i think the key and the that's

1005
00:38:15,990 --> 00:38:13,520
my message to people that are curious

1006
00:38:19,030 --> 00:38:16,000
about this nature of uap

1007
00:38:21,510 --> 00:38:19,040
and and of course the nature of unusual

1008
00:38:23,670 --> 00:38:21,520
interstellar objects uh my message to

1009
00:38:25,109 --> 00:38:23,680
the scientists is

1010
00:38:27,109 --> 00:38:25,119
that uh

1011
00:38:29,670 --> 00:38:27,119
this subject should not be a ridicule

1012
00:38:31,990 --> 00:38:29,680
that this subject should be studied and

1013
00:38:33,829 --> 00:38:32,000
that we should base our inferences on

1014
00:38:35,990 --> 00:38:33,839
evidence rather than on prejudice you

1015
00:38:37,829 --> 00:38:36,000
know that's the way science is done and

1016
00:38:40,630 --> 00:38:37,839
in fact even people that don't believe

1017
00:38:41,270 --> 00:38:40,640
that uap have any unusual origin prove

1018
00:38:43,190 --> 00:38:41,280
it

1019
00:38:44,950 --> 00:38:43,200
they should be supportive of the galileo

1020
00:38:46,390 --> 00:38:44,960
project because we will

1021
00:38:48,710 --> 00:38:46,400
you know we don't have an agenda we

1022
00:38:51,430 --> 00:38:48,720
don't have a prejudice we will just

1023
00:38:53,270 --> 00:38:51,440
collect the very best data possible and

1024
00:38:55,190 --> 00:38:53,280
you know science is based on evidence

1025
00:38:57,589 --> 00:38:55,200
and they should support the fact that

1026
00:38:58,829 --> 00:38:57,599
you know we are funded by donors we have

1027
00:39:01,109 --> 00:38:58,839
crowd a

1028
00:39:03,430 --> 00:39:01,119
crowdfunding link right now on the

1029
00:39:05,750 --> 00:39:03,440
website of the galileo project at

1030
00:39:08,069 --> 00:39:05,760
harvard university uh under my name you

1031
00:39:10,390 --> 00:39:08,079
can just google it and

1032
00:39:12,790 --> 00:39:10,400
you know the funds that we are using

1033
00:39:14,550 --> 00:39:12,800
uh were not allocated to science to

1034
00:39:16,790 --> 00:39:14,560
other projects before

1035
00:39:19,190 --> 00:39:16,800
and so there is no negative aspect to

1036
00:39:22,390 --> 00:39:19,200
the fact that we are funded uh and we

1037
00:39:24,150 --> 00:39:22,400
are exploring evidence uh to other parts

1038
00:39:25,910 --> 00:39:24,160
of science so i think the scientists

1039
00:39:27,270 --> 00:39:25,920
should all be on board

1040
00:39:28,550 --> 00:39:27,280
and then

1041
00:39:30,150 --> 00:39:28,560
obviously people interested in the

1042
00:39:33,109 --> 00:39:30,160
subject should be involved

1043
00:39:35,510 --> 00:39:33,119
now are you the anonymous donor

1044
00:39:39,750 --> 00:39:37,270
i should say it's not anonymous if you

1045
00:39:41,589 --> 00:39:39,760
go to the website you go to the website

1046
00:39:42,550 --> 00:39:41,599
of the galileo project

1047
00:39:45,030 --> 00:39:42,560
and

1048
00:39:48,230 --> 00:39:45,040
you click on the item

1049
00:39:52,069 --> 00:39:49,270
under that

1050
00:39:53,910 --> 00:39:52,079
the philanthropic advisory committee in

1051
00:39:55,349 --> 00:39:53,920
the philanthropic advisory committee

1052
00:39:57,270 --> 00:39:55,359
there is a list of the people that

1053
00:39:59,349 --> 00:39:57,280
contributed no i could just see that

1054
00:40:01,910 --> 00:39:59,359
you're passionate so i could just

1055
00:40:02,870 --> 00:40:01,920
oh no i is that happening i don't have

1056
00:40:05,670 --> 00:40:02,880
money

1057
00:40:08,829 --> 00:40:05,680
at the level of um

1058
00:40:12,470 --> 00:40:08,839
so far so far we've received two million

1059
00:40:14,550 --> 00:40:12,480
dollars but we really need the 20 or so

1060
00:40:17,589 --> 00:40:14,560
in order to do a comprehensive study to

1061
00:40:20,230 --> 00:40:17,599
have enough telescope systems spread

1062
00:40:22,309 --> 00:40:20,240
throughout the globe so that we cover

1063
00:40:24,069 --> 00:40:22,319
enough of the sky and have a high chance

1064
00:40:26,230 --> 00:40:24,079
of detecting something would you be

1065
00:40:28,630 --> 00:40:26,240
building new telescopes or using ones

1066
00:40:30,870 --> 00:40:28,640
that exist already oh no it has to be

1067
00:40:32,710 --> 00:40:30,880
new telescopes because existing

1068
00:40:34,630 --> 00:40:32,720
telescopes you have to understand when

1069
00:40:37,349 --> 00:40:34,640
they look at the sky astronomers use

1070
00:40:38,630 --> 00:40:37,359
them if a bird flies above the telescope

1071
00:40:40,630 --> 00:40:38,640
it's ignored

1072
00:40:41,990 --> 00:40:40,640
we will track that bird and figure out

1073
00:40:45,270 --> 00:40:42,000
that it's a bird you know we'll have

1074
00:40:47,910 --> 00:40:45,280
software that will identify it as a bird

1075
00:40:48,950 --> 00:40:47,920
i'm not a zoologist i don't care about

1076
00:40:51,670 --> 00:40:48,960
birds

1077
00:40:53,910 --> 00:40:51,680
uh well that's mean

1078
00:40:55,990 --> 00:40:53,920
well no i mean obviously i care about

1079
00:40:58,150 --> 00:40:56,000
them but i i just don't need the high

1080
00:41:00,470 --> 00:40:58,160
resolution image of a bird i mean i'll

1081
00:41:01,829 --> 00:41:00,480
be glad to transfer that information

1082
00:41:03,750 --> 00:41:01,839
mythologies

1083
00:41:06,950 --> 00:41:03,760
and also if i see

1084
00:41:09,829 --> 00:41:06,960
an object a drone for example and we can

1085
00:41:11,510 --> 00:41:09,839
resolve the image made in china

1086
00:41:13,589 --> 00:41:11,520
you know i'm sure there are residents of

1087
00:41:16,309 --> 00:41:13,599
washington dc that would be very curious

1088
00:41:18,150 --> 00:41:16,319
to know what it's doing there and again

1089
00:41:20,710 --> 00:41:18,160
i can transfer that information it would

1090
00:41:23,589 --> 00:41:20,720
be as boring to me as a scientist as a

1091
00:41:26,950 --> 00:41:23,599
bird is because any human made the

1092
00:41:30,710 --> 00:41:26,960
object is not news you know that we know

1093
00:41:34,630 --> 00:41:30,720
we have um but what we would focus on

1094
00:41:37,190 --> 00:41:34,640
are unusual uh objects and of course

1095
00:41:37,990 --> 00:41:37,200
there is a possibility that some of the

1096
00:41:44,630 --> 00:41:38,000
uh

1097
00:41:46,230 --> 00:41:44,640
um atmospheric phenomena you know

1098
00:41:48,069 --> 00:41:46,240
something in the atmosphere not a real

1099
00:41:49,750 --> 00:41:48,079
object there is a possibility and of

1100
00:41:51,990 --> 00:41:49,760
course we will learn something new about

1101
00:41:54,069 --> 00:41:52,000
the atmosphere in that case but but what

1102
00:41:56,390 --> 00:41:54,079
we really want to see is if there are

1103
00:41:58,710 --> 00:41:56,400
any unusual objects but now what does

1104
00:42:01,030 --> 00:41:58,720
that mean the atmospheric phenomenon is

1105
00:42:02,870 --> 00:42:01,040
there a little more um

1106
00:42:04,470 --> 00:42:02,880
are there different kinds or is this

1107
00:42:05,589 --> 00:42:04,480
come in one shape are we talking about

1108
00:42:07,510 --> 00:42:05,599
well we don't know

1109
00:42:10,470 --> 00:42:07,520
it really depends uh i mean we know of

1110
00:42:13,589 --> 00:42:10,480
lightnings we know so at any event we

1111
00:42:16,069 --> 00:42:13,599
will look and try to figure out sure

1112
00:42:17,109 --> 00:42:16,079
what the unusual phenomena are right um

1113
00:42:18,230 --> 00:42:17,119
but

1114
00:42:21,510 --> 00:42:18,240
yeah

1115
00:42:22,950 --> 00:42:21,520
to me at least when people talk about

1116
00:42:25,349 --> 00:42:22,960
these reports that come out from

1117
00:42:27,589 --> 00:42:25,359
congress or anything they always put you

1118
00:42:29,589 --> 00:42:27,599
know it's um

1119
00:42:31,430 --> 00:42:29,599
probably not foreign or whatever it's

1120
00:42:34,150 --> 00:42:31,440
like i don't care about foreign drones

1121
00:42:38,390 --> 00:42:34,160
or even our own drones just give me a

1122
00:42:42,710 --> 00:42:38,400
report on what you can't identify

1123
00:42:48,630 --> 00:42:46,150
incidents that were included in the uh

1124
00:42:49,510 --> 00:42:48,640
intelligence agency's report to congress

1125
00:42:51,829 --> 00:42:49,520
were

1126
00:42:53,829 --> 00:42:51,839
things that whose nature is not clear so

1127
00:42:55,910 --> 00:42:53,839
that's that's what triggered the galileo

1128
00:42:58,550 --> 00:42:55,920
project that was that's what motivated

1129
00:43:00,630 --> 00:42:58,560
me i i should say this is one track

1130
00:43:02,390 --> 00:43:00,640
within the galileo project there is a

1131
00:43:04,550 --> 00:43:02,400
second track which is

1132
00:43:07,349 --> 00:43:04,560
to figure out the nature of objects that

1133
00:43:08,470 --> 00:43:07,359
come into the solar system from outside

1134
00:43:10,550 --> 00:43:08,480
like

1135
00:43:12,790 --> 00:43:10,560
this object that i discussed in my book

1136
00:43:15,510 --> 00:43:12,800
extraterrestrial that was the first

1137
00:43:18,309 --> 00:43:15,520
interstellar object that was spotted

1138
00:43:21,270 --> 00:43:18,319
near earth in 2017 and

1139
00:43:24,150 --> 00:43:21,280
we want to find more objects like it

1140
00:43:26,950 --> 00:43:24,160
and then get much better data on them in

1141
00:43:29,589 --> 00:43:26,960
particular maybe fly by them and and

1142
00:43:31,430 --> 00:43:29,599
take a high resolution image of them so

1143
00:43:34,550 --> 00:43:31,440
so we can tell whether they are natural

1144
00:43:35,750 --> 00:43:34,560
or artificial in origin and uh so that's

1145
00:43:39,349 --> 00:43:35,760
the second

1146
00:43:41,190 --> 00:43:39,359
component of the galileo project and uh

1147
00:43:44,870 --> 00:43:41,200
and and we will have some research

1148
00:43:46,790 --> 00:43:44,880
effort on that as well sure um

1149
00:43:49,190 --> 00:43:46,800
are there more of those objects do you

1150
00:43:50,630 --> 00:43:49,200
think that exist and we just can't see

1151
00:43:53,109 --> 00:43:50,640
them or we're not looking in the right

1152
00:43:54,390 --> 00:43:53,119
places for instance oh sure i mean so

1153
00:43:56,470 --> 00:43:54,400
our current

1154
00:43:57,910 --> 00:43:56,480
telescopes the survey telescopes that

1155
00:43:59,829 --> 00:43:57,920
survey the sky

1156
00:44:02,790 --> 00:43:59,839
are sensitive to an object roughly the

1157
00:44:04,630 --> 00:44:02,800
size of a football field

1158
00:44:07,829 --> 00:44:04,640
within the orbit of the earth around the

1159
00:44:10,710 --> 00:44:07,839
sun you have to understand the sun is

1160
00:44:12,630 --> 00:44:10,720
like a lamppost that illuminates the

1161
00:44:14,550 --> 00:44:12,640
darkness around us

1162
00:44:17,510 --> 00:44:14,560
so you can see objects because they

1163
00:44:19,430 --> 00:44:17,520
reflect sunlight okay and you can only

1164
00:44:21,190 --> 00:44:19,440
see them if they're big enough so if you

1165
00:44:23,030 --> 00:44:21,200
have an object much smaller than the

1166
00:44:25,030 --> 00:44:23,040
size of a football field

1167
00:44:26,470 --> 00:44:25,040
uh it wouldn't have enough sunlight for

1168
00:44:28,390 --> 00:44:26,480
us to see

1169
00:44:30,390 --> 00:44:28,400
and as a result there could be a lot of

1170
00:44:31,990 --> 00:44:30,400
small objects zooming by you know like

1171
00:44:34,390 --> 00:44:32,000
huge spots

1172
00:44:36,710 --> 00:44:34,400
and we haven't seen them right

1173
00:44:39,589 --> 00:44:36,720
quite a few you know uh coming from

1174
00:44:40,470 --> 00:44:39,599
industrial space many more than uh

1175
00:44:42,630 --> 00:44:40,480
football

1176
00:44:43,990 --> 00:44:42,640
field size object like

1177
00:44:46,470 --> 00:44:44,000
and what are the chances they would

1178
00:44:50,470 --> 00:44:46,480
build something that big anyways right

1179
00:44:53,109 --> 00:44:50,480
right so well so we have to develop

1180
00:44:55,190 --> 00:44:53,119
again building uh better telescopes

1181
00:44:57,270 --> 00:44:55,200
would help us so within a couple of

1182
00:44:59,270 --> 00:44:57,280
years there would be the vera rubin

1183
00:45:00,950 --> 00:44:59,280
observatory in chile that would be far

1184
00:45:02,390 --> 00:45:00,960
more sensitive than the telescope that

1185
00:45:04,630 --> 00:45:02,400
discovered

1186
00:45:06,790 --> 00:45:04,640
in hawaii and then

1187
00:45:08,630 --> 00:45:06,800
and we hope to see smaller objects we

1188
00:45:10,870 --> 00:45:08,640
hope to see objects like

1189
00:45:13,030 --> 00:45:10,880
when they're farther away so we can get

1190
00:45:15,030 --> 00:45:13,040
an alert and send a spacecraft with a

1191
00:45:17,190 --> 00:45:15,040
camera that will take a close-up photo

1192
00:45:19,430 --> 00:45:17,200
wow that's how you're gonna do it you

1193
00:45:22,630 --> 00:45:19,440
can send a spacecraft to just

1194
00:45:25,349 --> 00:45:22,640
go take a bigger picture wow yeah i mean

1195
00:45:28,150 --> 00:45:25,359
just to give an example of cyrus rex was

1196
00:45:30,230 --> 00:45:28,160
a mission that nasa launched to take a

1197
00:45:32,630 --> 00:45:30,240
close-up photograph of the asteroid

1198
00:45:34,950 --> 00:45:32,640
bennu and it actually landed on the

1199
00:45:37,589 --> 00:45:34,960
asteroid and collected the sample of

1200
00:45:39,430 --> 00:45:37,599
dirt from the surface of the asteroid

1201
00:45:43,510 --> 00:45:39,440
and it will bring it back to earth in

1202
00:45:45,750 --> 00:45:43,520
2023. so we already did that um we're

1203
00:45:47,109 --> 00:45:45,760
special come on that's pretty special

1204
00:45:48,950 --> 00:45:47,119
that's good

1205
00:45:50,150 --> 00:45:48,960
yeah but that that was a rock i should

1206
00:45:52,710 --> 00:45:50,160
say yeah

1207
00:45:55,190 --> 00:45:52,720
you know okay that's true of dirt from

1208
00:45:57,190 --> 00:45:55,200
that rock we have enough dirt on earth i

1209
00:45:59,109 --> 00:45:57,200
mean it may have some features that are

1210
00:46:01,589 --> 00:45:59,119
slightly different than the dirt on

1211
00:46:03,750 --> 00:46:01,599
earth but what i really want is to land

1212
00:46:05,030 --> 00:46:03,760
on an object that has buttons that we

1213
00:46:06,950 --> 00:46:05,040
can press

1214
00:46:09,030 --> 00:46:06,960
uh do you think ufo studies will be

1215
00:46:10,550 --> 00:46:09,040
standardized at the university level

1216
00:46:12,230 --> 00:46:10,560
anytime soon

1217
00:46:14,870 --> 00:46:12,240
i don't know about anytime that depends

1218
00:46:17,109 --> 00:46:14,880
on other people you see i think

1219
00:46:19,109 --> 00:46:17,119
that it should become

1220
00:46:20,150 --> 00:46:19,119
a part of the mainstream because i do

1221
00:46:22,390 --> 00:46:20,160
think that

1222
00:46:24,230 --> 00:46:22,400
um you know it makes a lot of sense for

1223
00:46:26,150 --> 00:46:24,240
us to search for things like us

1224
00:46:27,670 --> 00:46:26,160
elsewhere and

1225
00:46:29,109 --> 00:46:27,680
things that are more advanced than us

1226
00:46:31,270 --> 00:46:29,119
because we are not that intelligent

1227
00:46:34,150 --> 00:46:31,280
after all as we discussed before and you

1228
00:46:36,309 --> 00:46:34,160
can imagine out of the tens of bills of

1229
00:46:38,550 --> 00:46:36,319
other planets like the earth there was

1230
00:46:39,349 --> 00:46:38,560
something more more intelligent than we

1231
00:46:40,950 --> 00:46:39,359
are

1232
00:46:43,670 --> 00:46:40,960
in the past few billion years you know

1233
00:46:45,510 --> 00:46:43,680
so why not check rather than assume that

1234
00:46:47,430 --> 00:46:45,520
we are the smartest kid on the block you

1235
00:46:49,430 --> 00:46:47,440
know yeah you'd think the percentages

1236
00:46:51,670 --> 00:46:49,440
would be in favor of that actually

1237
00:46:54,150 --> 00:46:51,680
considering how large everything is

1238
00:46:56,069 --> 00:46:54,160
yeah but the point the point is that we

1239
00:46:58,309 --> 00:46:56,079
really need to search this is not the

1240
00:47:00,390 --> 00:46:58,319
philosophical question you know

1241
00:47:02,790 --> 00:47:00,400
so the mistake a lot of people are

1242
00:47:04,790 --> 00:47:02,800
making is to have an opinion before

1243
00:47:06,790 --> 00:47:04,800
looking for data and i think

1244
00:47:09,349 --> 00:47:06,800
you know and and the way we searched in

1245
00:47:10,390 --> 00:47:09,359
the past was to look for radio signals

1246
00:47:12,950 --> 00:47:10,400
well

1247
00:47:14,710 --> 00:47:12,960
for 70 years that's not a good approach

1248
00:47:16,390 --> 00:47:14,720
because it's just like trying to have a

1249
00:47:20,390 --> 00:47:16,400
phone conversation you need the

1250
00:47:24,309 --> 00:47:22,069
you know if there is a small window of

1251
00:47:26,630 --> 00:47:24,319
opportunity because we transmitted radio

1252
00:47:28,710 --> 00:47:26,640
waves only over the past century or so

1253
00:47:30,630 --> 00:47:28,720
out of the four and a half billion years

1254
00:47:32,309 --> 00:47:30,640
that the earth existed

1255
00:47:34,950 --> 00:47:32,319
if there is a very short window of

1256
00:47:36,549 --> 00:47:34,960
opportunity the chance of us

1257
00:47:38,790 --> 00:47:36,559
being in conversation with another

1258
00:47:40,230 --> 00:47:38,800
civilization is very small

1259
00:47:42,470 --> 00:47:40,240
it's much more likely that you would

1260
00:47:44,549 --> 00:47:42,480
find relics that they left behind even

1261
00:47:46,950 --> 00:47:44,559
after they perished you know they might

1262
00:47:49,430 --> 00:47:46,960
not be around anymore but they sent out

1263
00:47:51,829 --> 00:47:49,440
mail you know and you can find a letter

1264
00:47:55,589 --> 00:47:51,839
from them even though they died sucks

1265
00:48:01,430 --> 00:47:57,829
i got a question for you is it is it

1266
00:48:06,309 --> 00:48:01,440
still true that now is kind of the

1267
00:48:08,630 --> 00:48:06,319
um how do i put this the best time for

1268
00:48:11,589 --> 00:48:08,640
other life to be

1269
00:48:12,870 --> 00:48:11,599
in our galaxy i heard you say something

1270
00:48:14,950 --> 00:48:12,880
like that

1271
00:48:17,589 --> 00:48:14,960
um the ages of the universe is

1272
00:48:20,390 --> 00:48:17,599
comparable to the sun right right right

1273
00:48:21,829 --> 00:48:20,400
so right now the i mean the age of the

1274
00:48:23,910 --> 00:48:21,839
sun is roughly

1275
00:48:25,190 --> 00:48:23,920
a third or or so of the age of the

1276
00:48:28,069 --> 00:48:25,200
universe so

1277
00:48:29,349 --> 00:48:28,079
um stars like the sun are sort of

1278
00:48:31,349 --> 00:48:29,359
typical

1279
00:48:33,589 --> 00:48:31,359
these days because they have a lifetime

1280
00:48:35,990 --> 00:48:33,599
comparable to the age of the universe if

1281
00:48:37,750 --> 00:48:36,000
you go back in time

1282
00:48:40,150 --> 00:48:37,760
the most

1283
00:48:42,150 --> 00:48:40,160
typical stars were stars that were

1284
00:48:44,230 --> 00:48:42,160
that live for a shorter time than the

1285
00:48:46,309 --> 00:48:44,240
sun you know and if you go into the

1286
00:48:47,910 --> 00:48:46,319
future

1287
00:48:49,670 --> 00:48:47,920
most of the stars would be those that

1288
00:48:51,910 --> 00:48:49,680
live longer than the sun and these are

1289
00:48:54,870 --> 00:48:51,920
small stars like proxima centauri for

1290
00:48:57,270 --> 00:48:54,880
example proxima centauri has 12 of the

1291
00:48:59,349 --> 00:48:57,280
mass of the sun it would live a thousand

1292
00:49:02,309 --> 00:48:59,359
times long up to a thousand times longer

1293
00:49:04,710 --> 00:49:02,319
than the sun and so the universe can age

1294
00:49:07,270 --> 00:49:04,720
to be trillions of years old

1295
00:49:10,230 --> 00:49:07,280
you know and um stars like proxima

1296
00:49:12,150 --> 00:49:10,240
centauri will still be around uh so if

1297
00:49:14,470 --> 00:49:12,160
you were to live

1298
00:49:16,549 --> 00:49:14,480
in the future uh trillions of years from

1299
00:49:18,549 --> 00:49:16,559
now that's the kind of stars you will

1300
00:49:21,030 --> 00:49:18,559
see and it would make sense for us to

1301
00:49:22,790 --> 00:49:21,040
move to a low mass stars star like

1302
00:49:24,950 --> 00:49:22,800
proxima centauri i mean the reason they

1303
00:49:27,990 --> 00:49:24,960
live for so long is because they are

1304
00:49:30,069 --> 00:49:28,000
smaller mass so they burn their they

1305
00:49:32,549 --> 00:49:30,079
have a lower temperature and they burn

1306
00:49:34,230 --> 00:49:32,559
the nuclear fuel more slowly they have

1307
00:49:36,549 --> 00:49:34,240
some nuclear fuel in their core and they

1308
00:49:38,950 --> 00:49:36,559
burn it more slowly so then they last

1309
00:49:46,470 --> 00:49:38,960
longer than than bigger stars kind of

1310
00:49:50,309 --> 00:49:48,549
it's good to be near the sun but you

1311
00:49:52,710 --> 00:49:50,319
know within a few billion years the sun

1312
00:49:56,309 --> 00:49:52,720
will die and it will not be a good place

1313
00:49:58,630 --> 00:49:56,319
to be in so we need to move our eggs out

1314
00:50:00,150 --> 00:49:58,640
of this basket where they are right now

1315
00:50:01,030 --> 00:50:00,160
interesting is that

1316
00:50:03,349 --> 00:50:01,040
here

1317
00:50:05,910 --> 00:50:03,359
um is that a part of your motivation

1318
00:50:08,390 --> 00:50:05,920
because you know what i did yeah

1319
00:50:09,190 --> 00:50:08,400
there was something you said about um

1320
00:50:12,710 --> 00:50:09,200
like

1321
00:50:15,910 --> 00:50:12,720
it's the galaxy is forever expanding so

1322
00:50:18,549 --> 00:50:15,920
our opportunity of exploring galaxies

1323
00:50:21,030 --> 00:50:18,559
next to us will be more difficult as

1324
00:50:23,750 --> 00:50:21,040
time goes on because we'll be separated

1325
00:50:24,790 --> 00:50:23,760
from them and eventually be left all by

1326
00:50:26,630 --> 00:50:24,800
ourselves

1327
00:50:27,910 --> 00:50:26,640
yeah so the universe is not just

1328
00:50:30,230 --> 00:50:27,920
expanding

1329
00:50:31,510 --> 00:50:30,240
its expansion is speeding up

1330
00:50:34,870 --> 00:50:31,520
with time

1331
00:50:37,510 --> 00:50:34,880
right now and that means that distant

1332
00:50:39,510 --> 00:50:37,520
galaxies are moving away from us faster

1333
00:50:41,990 --> 00:50:39,520
and faster as time goes on and

1334
00:50:43,109 --> 00:50:42,000
eventually they'll recede from us faster

1335
00:50:46,870 --> 00:50:43,119
than light

1336
00:50:48,710 --> 00:50:46,880
so we won't be able to speak with any

1337
00:50:50,630 --> 00:50:48,720
neighbors in the distant future any

1338
00:50:52,230 --> 00:50:50,640
neighboring galaxies because they will

1339
00:50:54,870 --> 00:50:52,240
move faster than light so even light

1340
00:50:55,750 --> 00:50:54,880
will not bridge the gap between us and

1341
00:50:57,990 --> 00:50:55,760
them

1342
00:51:00,230 --> 00:50:58,000
and that is called the accelerating

1343
00:51:02,790 --> 00:51:00,240
universe that was discovered

1344
00:51:05,030 --> 00:51:02,800
over the past 20 years and uh we live in

1345
00:51:07,030 --> 00:51:05,040
such a universe so eventually you know

1346
00:51:09,510 --> 00:51:07,040
if you wait when the universe will age

1347
00:51:12,390 --> 00:51:09,520
by a factor of 10 we will be surrounded

1348
00:51:15,670 --> 00:51:12,400
by vacuum there will be nothing outside

1349
00:51:19,510 --> 00:51:15,680
of our galaxy and so it's a so it will

1350
00:51:21,670 --> 00:51:19,520
become a lonely place um yeah and um it

1351
00:51:24,950 --> 00:51:21,680
will be surrounded by darkness that's

1352
00:51:27,109 --> 00:51:24,960
the future that awaits us uh and so if

1353
00:51:29,750 --> 00:51:27,119
we ever want to establish

1354
00:51:32,230 --> 00:51:29,760
to shake the hand of extraterrestrials

1355
00:51:34,470 --> 00:51:32,240
beyond the milky way galaxy now is the

1356
00:51:36,950 --> 00:51:34,480
time to try and do that because

1357
00:51:37,910 --> 00:51:36,960
eventually they will be driven away from

1358
00:51:40,549 --> 00:51:37,920
us and

1359
00:51:42,710 --> 00:51:40,559
uh there is only one caveat the the

1360
00:51:45,190 --> 00:51:42,720
milky way galaxy has a sister galaxy

1361
00:51:47,030 --> 00:51:45,200
called the andromeda galaxy which is not

1362
00:51:49,270 --> 00:51:47,040
far from us and it's actually on a

1363
00:51:52,230 --> 00:51:49,280
collision course it's falling towards

1364
00:51:54,710 --> 00:51:52,240
them yeah and we will merge with it and

1365
00:51:56,710 --> 00:51:54,720
i actually did the first the drawings up

1366
00:51:59,190 --> 00:51:56,720
there start with the graphs in europe

1367
00:52:01,190 --> 00:51:59,200
yeah i did the first calculation of what

1368
00:52:03,670 --> 00:52:01,200
will happen when the two galaxies will

1369
00:52:05,990 --> 00:52:03,680
collide but in merge i call the the

1370
00:52:07,829 --> 00:52:06,000
merger product milk comeda

1371
00:52:09,430 --> 00:52:07,839
which is sort of the

1372
00:52:12,230 --> 00:52:09,440
combination of the milky way and

1373
00:52:14,069 --> 00:52:12,240
andromeda and then that will be our

1374
00:52:15,670 --> 00:52:14,079
future you know a future galaxy would

1375
00:52:18,390 --> 00:52:15,680
not look like

1376
00:52:20,309 --> 00:52:18,400
a strip of stars in the sky the reason

1377
00:52:22,069 --> 00:52:20,319
it's called the milky way it's because

1378
00:52:23,829 --> 00:52:22,079
we're looking at the disc

1379
00:52:25,750 --> 00:52:23,839
and we're looking like a plate and

1380
00:52:27,670 --> 00:52:25,760
you're looking at it edge on and it

1381
00:52:29,190 --> 00:52:27,680
looks like a strip of stars from the sky

1382
00:52:31,430 --> 00:52:29,200
that's the milky way

1383
00:52:33,990 --> 00:52:31,440
but once it collides with andromeda

1384
00:52:36,870 --> 00:52:34,000
galaxy which is also made of a disk of

1385
00:52:38,470 --> 00:52:36,880
stars the two disks will sort of mix

1386
00:52:40,069 --> 00:52:38,480
together and you'll get something that

1387
00:52:42,470 --> 00:52:40,079
looks like a football

1388
00:52:44,790 --> 00:52:42,480
it will be more spheroidal in in shape

1389
00:52:47,109 --> 00:52:44,800
and that you know we see such elliptical

1390
00:52:49,109 --> 00:52:47,119
galaxies elsewhere but that is our

1391
00:52:50,230 --> 00:52:49,119
future we will be part of an elliptical

1392
00:52:50,950 --> 00:52:50,240
galaxy

1393
00:52:53,510 --> 00:52:50,960
that

1394
00:52:55,270 --> 00:52:53,520
i called the milk comeda and you know

1395
00:52:57,910 --> 00:52:55,280
it's the only prediction that i made in

1396
00:52:59,430 --> 00:52:57,920
my scientific career that perhaps will

1397
00:53:01,030 --> 00:52:59,440
be quoted

1398
00:53:04,549 --> 00:53:01,040
five billion years from now when the two

1399
00:53:09,589 --> 00:53:07,430
will remember me if you said it

1400
00:53:11,190 --> 00:53:09,599
he told us now here we are but maybe

1401
00:53:12,829 --> 00:53:11,200
that's how we meet extraterrestrials

1402
00:53:14,470 --> 00:53:12,839
finally by

1403
00:53:16,710 --> 00:53:14,480
force

1404
00:53:17,910 --> 00:53:16,720
yeah we will have to leave the solar

1405
00:53:19,510 --> 00:53:17,920
system

1406
00:53:20,950 --> 00:53:19,520
at that point if we want to survive

1407
00:53:21,910 --> 00:53:20,960
because the sun will not be around

1408
00:53:24,710 --> 00:53:21,920
anymore

1409
00:53:26,069 --> 00:53:24,720
um do you have a sec for just a couple

1410
00:53:29,270 --> 00:53:26,079
um

1411
00:53:33,430 --> 00:53:29,280
uh chat questions sure go ahead okay

1412
00:53:35,109 --> 00:53:33,440
i'm just gonna scroll through these here

1413
00:53:36,790 --> 00:53:35,119
um

1414
00:53:37,990 --> 00:53:36,800
what are your thoughts on the more

1415
00:53:38,950 --> 00:53:38,000
fringe

1416
00:53:48,150 --> 00:53:38,960
in

1417
00:53:51,589 --> 00:53:48,160
away from

1418
00:53:53,829 --> 00:53:51,599
people's impressions people's reports

1419
00:53:55,349 --> 00:53:53,839
because in science you have to rely on

1420
00:53:57,430 --> 00:53:55,359
instruments and

1421
00:53:59,430 --> 00:53:57,440
you know people can have hallucinations

1422
00:54:02,309 --> 00:53:59,440
they can have wishful thinking they can

1423
00:54:04,309 --> 00:54:02,319
have they can ignore some facts we we

1424
00:54:06,230 --> 00:54:04,319
know that we know that if you just look

1425
00:54:07,510 --> 00:54:06,240
at politics you know you see

1426
00:54:09,190 --> 00:54:07,520
uh

1427
00:54:11,109 --> 00:54:09,200
you see the country polarized because

1428
00:54:13,030 --> 00:54:11,119
people on both sides ignore some of the

1429
00:54:16,309 --> 00:54:13,040
facts you know and that's why they never

1430
00:54:17,349 --> 00:54:16,319
come together and uh so humans are known

1431
00:54:20,309 --> 00:54:17,359
for

1432
00:54:23,510 --> 00:54:20,319
not always being reliable okay and i say

1433
00:54:25,349 --> 00:54:23,520
that you know in

1434
00:54:27,109 --> 00:54:25,359
so and that's why science relies on

1435
00:54:29,109 --> 00:54:27,119
instruments instruments do not have

1436
00:54:31,190 --> 00:54:29,119
those tendencies they just record

1437
00:54:33,270 --> 00:54:31,200
whatever comes in and you know that's

1438
00:54:35,349 --> 00:54:33,280
why science relies on quantitative

1439
00:54:36,390 --> 00:54:35,359
measurements and by instruments and you

1440
00:54:39,109 --> 00:54:36,400
can never

1441
00:54:41,910 --> 00:54:39,119
write a scientific paper uh you know in

1442
00:54:43,910 --> 00:54:41,920
physics saying this person told me that

1443
00:54:44,710 --> 00:54:43,920
you can't do that uh you have to say

1444
00:54:47,910 --> 00:54:44,720
this

1445
00:54:50,069 --> 00:54:47,920
instrument

1446
00:54:51,910 --> 00:54:50,079
full control over and that's what the

1447
00:54:54,069 --> 00:54:51,920
measurement showed and i'm trying to

1448
00:54:56,390 --> 00:54:54,079
understand to explain that that that's

1449
00:54:58,470 --> 00:54:56,400
the discourse of science and

1450
00:54:59,750 --> 00:54:58,480
it has been like that for more than a

1451
00:55:01,670 --> 00:54:59,760
century and

1452
00:55:03,910 --> 00:55:01,680
as a result you know when i do my

1453
00:55:06,710 --> 00:55:03,920
research and i'm operating as a

1454
00:55:09,190 --> 00:55:06,720
scientist also in the context of of uap

1455
00:55:10,150 --> 00:55:09,200
yeah i want to get them first of all i

1456
00:55:12,950 --> 00:55:10,160
want to

1457
00:55:15,109 --> 00:55:12,960
get my own data so that i know what you

1458
00:55:17,030 --> 00:55:15,119
know how the data was collected so

1459
00:55:19,030 --> 00:55:17,040
science is about reproducibility of

1460
00:55:20,870 --> 00:55:19,040
results and second i want data from

1461
00:55:23,349 --> 00:55:20,880
instruments not from huma i mean you can

1462
00:55:25,030 --> 00:55:23,359
think of a human as a detector but it's

1463
00:55:27,030 --> 00:55:25,040
not a reliable detector it's sort of

1464
00:55:28,390 --> 00:55:27,040
like a detector that tells you something

1465
00:55:29,910 --> 00:55:28,400
but you know you don't know whether to

1466
00:55:31,750 --> 00:55:29,920
trust it

1467
00:55:33,750 --> 00:55:31,760
uh because i see that every day you know

1468
00:55:35,620 --> 00:55:33,760
people tell me things that i i don't

1469
00:55:37,109 --> 00:55:35,630
trust many of the people maybe

1470
00:55:39,349 --> 00:55:37,119
[Laughter]

1471
00:55:41,109 --> 00:55:39,359
although you know as i said before in in

1472
00:55:43,990 --> 00:55:41,119
the legal system

1473
00:55:45,510 --> 00:55:44,000
eyewitness testimonies do hold the

1474
00:55:47,589 --> 00:55:45,520
uh and

1475
00:55:48,710 --> 00:55:47,599
in the courtroom but but not in science

1476
00:55:51,589 --> 00:55:48,720
okay so

1477
00:55:53,510 --> 00:55:51,599
um i i prefer to approach this subject

1478
00:55:55,670 --> 00:55:53,520
scientifically and not deal with

1479
00:55:58,069 --> 00:55:55,680
human testimonies because i want to

1480
00:56:00,150 --> 00:55:58,079
bring it to the mainstream and so just

1481
00:56:01,750 --> 00:56:00,160
you know for whoever

1482
00:56:04,230 --> 00:56:01,760
uh

1483
00:56:07,109 --> 00:56:04,240
cares a lot about what people say i

1484
00:56:08,950 --> 00:56:07,119
would say just bear with me because in

1485
00:56:11,430 --> 00:56:08,960
order for the subject to

1486
00:56:13,670 --> 00:56:11,440
reach the scientific community

1487
00:56:16,470 --> 00:56:13,680
you really need the to approach it in a

1488
00:56:19,030 --> 00:56:16,480
scientific way and meaning using

1489
00:56:20,630 --> 00:56:19,040
instruments that record evidence beyond

1490
00:56:21,910 --> 00:56:20,640
any reasonable doubt

1491
00:56:24,230 --> 00:56:21,920
and then

1492
00:56:26,390 --> 00:56:24,240
just bear with me so that you know we

1493
00:56:29,430 --> 00:56:26,400
can get that evidence well you're on a

1494
00:56:30,870 --> 00:56:29,440
crusade i got i have to be honest um

1495
00:56:32,950 --> 00:56:30,880
because like you said this can't move

1496
00:56:35,349 --> 00:56:32,960
forward without

1497
00:56:36,789 --> 00:56:35,359
some sort of hard proof at least for

1498
00:56:38,950 --> 00:56:36,799
everybody to get involved in i would

1499
00:56:41,190 --> 00:56:38,960
even say the general public to get

1500
00:56:43,190 --> 00:56:41,200
involved because a lot of times i notice

1501
00:56:45,589 --> 00:56:43,200
it's really just the ufo twitter people

1502
00:56:47,750 --> 00:56:45,599
who are focused on this stuff and a lot

1503
00:56:50,150 --> 00:56:47,760
of the general public ah they can take

1504
00:56:51,750 --> 00:56:50,160
it or leave it but if uh mr abraham

1505
00:56:53,109 --> 00:56:51,760
comes back

1506
00:56:55,589 --> 00:56:53,119
with some hard proof i think that's

1507
00:56:57,670 --> 00:56:55,599
gonna change everything so there is this

1508
00:56:59,829 --> 00:56:57,680
you have these two bubbles of the

1509
00:57:01,510 --> 00:56:59,839
scientists ridiculing the subject and

1510
00:57:03,910 --> 00:57:01,520
then you have people who

1511
00:57:05,190 --> 00:57:03,920
uh are intrigued by the evidence that we

1512
00:57:07,270 --> 00:57:05,200
have so far

1513
00:57:08,710 --> 00:57:07,280
and there is not much crosstalk and what

1514
00:57:11,270 --> 00:57:08,720
we are trying to do with the galileo

1515
00:57:13,510 --> 00:57:11,280
project is basically break the ice

1516
00:57:15,349 --> 00:57:13,520
break this status quo where

1517
00:57:17,829 --> 00:57:15,359
you know the scientific bubble will

1518
00:57:19,270 --> 00:57:17,839
suddenly realize that there is perhaps i

1519
00:57:22,309 --> 00:57:19,280
mean i don't know we will see what we

1520
00:57:24,630 --> 00:57:22,319
get if there is evidence that is beyond

1521
00:57:26,630 --> 00:57:24,640
the reasonable doubt then the the the

1522
00:57:29,109 --> 00:57:26,640
scientists will have no choice

1523
00:57:31,589 --> 00:57:29,119
if there is none then it will poke the

1524
00:57:33,910 --> 00:57:31,599
bubble of the other side you know so so

1525
00:57:35,829 --> 00:57:33,920
whatever we find we i mean we don't have

1526
00:57:37,910 --> 00:57:35,839
any agenda or prejudice and i think it's

1527
00:57:39,270 --> 00:57:37,920
the right approach to actually

1528
00:57:41,430 --> 00:57:39,280
resolve the

1529
00:57:43,109 --> 00:57:41,440
the lack of communication between the

1530
00:57:46,870 --> 00:57:43,119
two bubbles right now

1531
00:57:49,190 --> 00:57:46,880
yeah i i think uh that's very true when

1532
00:57:51,430 --> 00:57:49,200
you're not you know secretly inside

1533
00:57:54,069 --> 00:57:51,440
hoping for one outcome or the other or

1534
00:57:55,990 --> 00:57:54,079
even if you are but you're just focused

1535
00:57:58,150 --> 00:57:56,000
on the facts at hand that present them

1536
00:58:00,309 --> 00:57:58,160
yeah i i told that i told the research

1537
00:58:02,230 --> 00:58:00,319
team on the galileo project i said keep

1538
00:58:05,270 --> 00:58:02,240
your eyes on the ball not on the

1539
00:58:07,190 --> 00:58:05,280
audience yeah that's beautiful

1540
00:58:09,829 --> 00:58:07,200
and as a musician singer songwriter

1541
00:58:12,150 --> 00:58:09,839
spent a lot of time on stage that is

1542
00:58:13,990 --> 00:58:12,160
very true because the second you do

1543
00:58:16,710 --> 00:58:14,000
start paying attention to the audience

1544
00:58:18,630 --> 00:58:16,720
you miss a note you forget a line you're

1545
00:58:20,549 --> 00:58:18,640
not in tune with your band anymore

1546
00:58:23,349 --> 00:58:20,559
that's very true good one

1547
00:58:25,030 --> 00:58:23,359
um last question i'll ask for you um

1548
00:58:27,750 --> 00:58:25,040
from megan

1549
00:58:31,109 --> 00:58:27,760
um will you be getting fast walker data

1550
00:58:32,309 --> 00:58:31,119
or just closer objects um

1551
00:58:34,870 --> 00:58:32,319
what if they can make themselves

1552
00:58:36,309 --> 00:58:34,880
invisible do they have any sensors to

1553
00:58:38,470 --> 00:58:36,319
still detect them there's a lot of

1554
00:58:41,030 --> 00:58:38,480
questions

1555
00:58:43,750 --> 00:58:41,040
i don't know where to put their sensors

1556
00:58:46,230 --> 00:58:43,760
so it's really important not to observe

1557
00:58:47,910 --> 00:58:46,240
the sky just in visible light you know

1558
00:58:50,309 --> 00:58:47,920
during the day you can look for

1559
00:58:52,789 --> 00:58:50,319
reflection of sunlight from objects for

1560
00:58:55,349 --> 00:58:52,799
example in the context of uap

1561
00:58:58,069 --> 00:58:55,359
uh that will allow you to find them only

1562
00:59:00,630 --> 00:58:58,079
during the day but in addition you can

1563
00:59:03,750 --> 00:59:00,640
look for emission in the infrared from

1564
00:59:05,829 --> 00:59:03,760
objects that are warm or hot you know if

1565
00:59:08,230 --> 00:59:05,839
an object moves through the atmosphere

1566
00:59:10,150 --> 00:59:08,240
it heats up the atmosphere the surface

1567
00:59:11,030 --> 00:59:10,160
of the object gets warmer we know that

1568
00:59:15,910 --> 00:59:11,040
from

1569
00:59:16,829 --> 00:59:15,920
shuttle when it moved through the

1570
00:59:19,270 --> 00:59:16,839
uh

1571
00:59:21,270 --> 00:59:19,280
atmospheric was heated by hundreds of

1572
00:59:23,190 --> 00:59:21,280
degrees and you can see that infrared

1573
00:59:25,910 --> 00:59:23,200
emission from the hot surface

1574
00:59:28,230 --> 00:59:25,920
and from the air around it so

1575
00:59:30,789 --> 00:59:28,240
uh we will look for that infrared

1576
00:59:33,190 --> 00:59:30,799
emission we will also look in the radio

1577
00:59:34,789 --> 00:59:33,200
you know for reflection of radio waves

1578
00:59:37,589 --> 00:59:34,799
from the object

1579
00:59:38,710 --> 00:59:37,599
and of course we will have audio sensors

1580
00:59:41,190 --> 00:59:38,720
look for

1581
00:59:43,510 --> 00:59:41,200
uh sound waves that are generated any

1582
00:59:46,309 --> 00:59:43,520
object with their very sensitive

1583
00:59:48,230 --> 00:59:46,319
microphones and so we will basically use

1584
00:59:51,270 --> 00:59:48,240
all the resources that we can buy off

1585
00:59:54,230 --> 00:59:51,280
the shelf right to detect the objects of

1586
00:59:56,390 --> 00:59:54,240
interest in all possible ways because we

1587
00:59:58,230 --> 00:59:56,400
want to get as much information as

1588
00:59:59,349 --> 00:59:58,240
possible and also to tell the difference

1589
01:00:01,270 --> 00:59:59,359
between

1590
01:00:03,190 --> 01:00:01,280
some phenomena in the atmosphere of the

1591
01:00:04,870 --> 01:00:03,200
earth and a real object moving through

1592
01:00:06,309 --> 01:00:04,880
it yeah

1593
01:00:08,549 --> 01:00:06,319
um

1594
01:00:10,470 --> 01:00:08,559
yeah well there's multiple phenomena

1595
01:00:11,430 --> 01:00:10,480
apparently to the report right there

1596
01:00:15,510 --> 01:00:11,440
there's

1597
01:00:17,349 --> 01:00:15,520
uap in itself is means multiple yeah

1598
01:00:20,390 --> 01:00:17,359
it's probably a mixed bag you know there

1599
01:00:26,470 --> 01:00:23,030
mundane explanations to many of those uh

1600
01:00:29,510 --> 01:00:26,480
incidents yeah my point is again even if

1601
01:00:31,349 --> 01:00:29,520
one is of extraterrestrial technological

1602
01:00:33,910 --> 01:00:31,359
origin that would have a huge impact on

1603
01:00:36,309 --> 01:00:33,920
society because it would change the way

1604
01:00:37,910 --> 01:00:36,319
we perceive ourselves in the universe it

1605
01:00:40,549 --> 01:00:37,920
will change our relations with each

1606
01:00:42,390 --> 01:00:40,559
other you know humans often try to feel

1607
01:00:43,829 --> 01:00:42,400
superior relative to each other

1608
01:00:45,589 --> 01:00:43,839
that's the

1609
01:00:47,670 --> 01:00:45,599
reason for the worst thing in human

1610
01:00:50,390 --> 01:00:47,680
history like for example the second

1611
01:00:53,190 --> 01:00:50,400
world war which killed 75 million people

1612
01:00:54,950 --> 01:00:53,200
was based on racism that the nazi regime

1613
01:00:56,390 --> 01:00:54,960
adopted they wanted to feel superior

1614
01:00:58,390 --> 01:00:56,400
relative to others and

1615
01:01:01,030 --> 01:00:58,400
uh you know there were 10 times more

1616
01:01:02,069 --> 01:01:01,040
people that died in that war triggered

1617
01:01:02,870 --> 01:01:02,079
by

1618
01:01:08,230 --> 01:01:02,880
uh

1619
01:01:10,789 --> 01:01:08,240
the virus of kovite 19 killed so far and

1620
01:01:12,870 --> 01:01:10,799
uh so just think about it and it makes

1621
01:01:14,710 --> 01:01:12,880
very little sense if there is a neighbor

1622
01:01:16,470 --> 01:01:14,720
that is far more advanced than we are

1623
01:01:19,109 --> 01:01:16,480
all of our differences will become

1624
01:01:21,190 --> 01:01:19,119
minuscule meaningless we will have to

1625
01:01:23,109 --> 01:01:21,200
change the way we behave with each other

1626
01:01:26,150 --> 01:01:23,119
because there is a smarter kid on our

1627
01:01:27,190 --> 01:01:26,160
blog and my point is it's really an

1628
01:01:29,349 --> 01:01:27,200
important

1629
01:01:31,589 --> 01:01:29,359
thing to search for because we want to

1630
01:01:33,190 --> 01:01:31,599
figure out if there is something smarter

1631
01:01:35,349 --> 01:01:33,200
than us out there

1632
01:01:37,430 --> 01:01:35,359
and i guess what you're kind of saying

1633
01:01:38,710 --> 01:01:37,440
is the

1634
01:01:42,870 --> 01:01:38,720
if you

1635
01:01:44,710 --> 01:01:42,880
um that yeah that just changes the face

1636
01:01:46,230 --> 01:01:44,720
of our reality and our relationships

1637
01:01:49,589 --> 01:01:46,240
together that's changes everything and

1638
01:01:51,349 --> 01:01:49,599
in my book i talk about uh omua's wager

1639
01:01:54,549 --> 01:01:51,359
i basically say

1640
01:01:56,470 --> 01:01:54,559
um you know that uh the the this

1641
01:01:58,470 --> 01:01:56,480
question is so important has such big

1642
01:01:59,270 --> 01:01:58,480
implications that we cannot just dismiss

1643
01:02:04,630 --> 01:01:59,280
it

1644
01:02:06,309 --> 01:02:04,640
we we've been trying to find stuff

1645
01:02:07,750 --> 01:02:06,319
haven't we throughout the past and all

1646
01:02:10,309 --> 01:02:07,760
these different projects that the

1647
01:02:12,870 --> 01:02:10,319
government's had or colorado or

1648
01:02:14,789 --> 01:02:12,880
whatever but we never had a group of

1649
01:02:17,510 --> 01:02:14,799
scientists come together

1650
01:02:19,270 --> 01:02:17,520
uh use the you know astronomers use the

1651
01:02:20,870 --> 01:02:19,280
best instruments that we have right now

1652
01:02:22,230 --> 01:02:20,880
which were not available let's say 20

1653
01:02:24,390 --> 01:02:22,240
years ago

1654
01:02:25,750 --> 01:02:24,400
and approach the subject scientifically

1655
01:02:28,230 --> 01:02:25,760
the way we are trying to do in the

1656
01:02:29,910 --> 01:02:28,240
galileo project so it's really new

1657
01:02:31,029 --> 01:02:29,920
and the reason it came to fruition is

1658
01:02:33,190 --> 01:02:31,039
because

1659
01:02:34,789 --> 01:02:33,200
a number of wealthy individuals came

1660
01:02:36,309 --> 01:02:34,799
forward and offered me two million

1661
01:02:38,710 --> 01:02:36,319
dollars you know that

1662
01:02:40,710 --> 01:02:38,720
if i had to rely on committees that are

1663
01:02:43,670 --> 01:02:40,720
populated by mainstream scientists to

1664
01:02:44,789 --> 01:02:43,680
find this research i wouldn't get funded

1665
01:02:46,950 --> 01:02:44,799
right

1666
01:02:49,270 --> 01:02:46,960
um well i think you're doing a fantastic

1667
01:02:51,589 --> 01:02:49,280
job is any of your equipment vulnerable

1668
01:02:53,910 --> 01:02:51,599
to anything um

1669
01:02:55,829 --> 01:02:53,920
you know uh this person in the chat asks

1670
01:02:58,470 --> 01:02:55,839
do you fear foreign

1671
01:03:02,549 --> 01:02:58,480
advisory attacking u.s satellites usa

1672
01:03:04,230 --> 01:03:02,559
satellites uh not really um okay so we

1673
01:03:06,630 --> 01:03:04,240
are using um

1674
01:03:08,549 --> 01:03:06,640
equipment like telescopes you know and

1675
01:03:09,670 --> 01:03:08,559
telescopes are being used by astronomers

1676
01:03:11,750 --> 01:03:09,680
all the time

1677
01:03:13,589 --> 01:03:11,760
uh the the only difference is that we

1678
01:03:15,430 --> 01:03:13,599
are using them in a special way we will

1679
01:03:17,430 --> 01:03:15,440
call you know the images that we get

1680
01:03:19,910 --> 01:03:17,440
will go through a camera that

1681
01:03:22,069 --> 01:03:19,920
uh sends them to a computer system that

1682
01:03:24,789 --> 01:03:22,079
will analyze the images and try to

1683
01:03:26,950 --> 01:03:24,799
figure out whether we see a drone a bird

1684
01:03:29,510 --> 01:03:26,960
or an airplane or something else

1685
01:03:31,589 --> 01:03:29,520
and then the telescope system will

1686
01:03:33,270 --> 01:03:31,599
uh track the object and we'll have

1687
01:03:34,710 --> 01:03:33,280
multiple telescopes looking at the

1688
01:03:36,870 --> 01:03:34,720
object from different directions so we

1689
01:03:39,190 --> 01:03:36,880
can figure out its

1690
01:03:40,870 --> 01:03:39,200
motion in three dimensions and all

1691
01:03:43,190 --> 01:03:40,880
together you know the kind of

1692
01:03:45,670 --> 01:03:43,200
instruments we will use are

1693
01:03:47,829 --> 01:03:45,680
you know are used for a special purpose

1694
01:03:49,750 --> 01:03:47,839
but they are themselves they are not

1695
01:03:52,150 --> 01:03:49,760
unusual um you know these are

1696
01:03:54,470 --> 01:03:52,160
off-the-shelf um instruments that we put

1697
01:03:56,829 --> 01:03:54,480
together in in a special way and for

1698
01:03:58,390 --> 01:03:56,839
that you know they will be a little

1699
01:04:00,630 --> 01:03:58,400
expensive uh

1700
01:04:02,789 --> 01:04:00,640
we can't really give it to citizens to

1701
01:04:04,950 --> 01:04:02,799
put in their backyard because each of

1702
01:04:07,510 --> 01:04:04,960
the telescope systems will will be quite

1703
01:04:08,390 --> 01:04:07,520
expensive and will take time to assemble

1704
01:04:10,230 --> 01:04:08,400
but

1705
01:04:12,069 --> 01:04:10,240
we have professional instrumentalists on

1706
01:04:14,230 --> 01:04:12,079
the research team i mean we have an

1707
01:04:15,990 --> 01:04:14,240
exceptional group of scientists and

1708
01:04:17,910 --> 01:04:16,000
every week we have a a lot of

1709
01:04:20,470 --> 01:04:17,920
discussions about you know how to

1710
01:04:23,430 --> 01:04:20,480
proceed and i i must say that it's going

1711
01:04:25,190 --> 01:04:23,440
extremely well actually uh so far we had

1712
01:04:26,390 --> 01:04:25,200
the month worth of

1713
01:04:28,870 --> 01:04:26,400
work together

1714
01:04:30,230 --> 01:04:28,880
wow have you been looking already or is

1715
01:04:32,309 --> 01:04:30,240
it still

1716
01:04:34,230 --> 01:04:32,319
ready to look what we are doing right

1717
01:04:36,309 --> 01:04:34,240
now is deciding about the instruments we

1718
01:04:39,349 --> 01:04:36,319
want to put together and then we are

1719
01:04:42,150 --> 01:04:39,359
just starting now to test some of these

1720
01:04:43,589 --> 01:04:42,160
instruments just starting and uh so we

1721
01:04:45,750 --> 01:04:43,599
are in the process of assembling

1722
01:04:47,990 --> 01:04:45,760
deciding about the shopping list

1723
01:04:50,230 --> 01:04:48,000
and then we will put those instruments

1724
01:04:52,549 --> 01:04:50,240
together we will test them and that will

1725
01:04:55,270 --> 01:04:52,559
take some months and eventually we'll

1726
01:04:57,349 --> 01:04:55,280
deploy them in uh appropriate locations

1727
01:04:59,270 --> 01:04:57,359
and start to collect data i very much

1728
01:05:01,589 --> 01:04:59,280
hope that this will be done within

1729
01:05:03,430 --> 01:05:01,599
within a year from now uh and we'll

1730
01:05:05,510 --> 01:05:03,440
start getting data and of course i'll be

1731
01:05:07,589 --> 01:05:05,520
glad to speak with you again if yeah

1732
01:05:10,390 --> 01:05:07,599
anything unusual and a million other

1733
01:05:11,910 --> 01:05:10,400
people in between

1734
01:05:13,910 --> 01:05:11,920
i'm just kidding

1735
01:05:16,150 --> 01:05:13,920
no you're i think you're doing fantastic

1736
01:05:18,150 --> 01:05:16,160
there's some questions in the chat i saw

1737
01:05:20,150 --> 01:05:18,160
on like i don't want to ask questions

1738
01:05:22,230 --> 01:05:20,160
that you can't answer and i'm

1739
01:05:24,069 --> 01:05:22,240
quiet enough to

1740
01:05:25,670 --> 01:05:24,079
well i just what that

1741
01:05:27,750 --> 01:05:25,680
you know like um

1742
01:05:28,870 --> 01:05:27,760
just don't have a whole lot of sense

1743
01:05:30,150 --> 01:05:28,880
because

1744
01:05:32,470 --> 01:05:30,160
you know like have you seen any

1745
01:05:35,430 --> 01:05:32,480
classified uab photos no you're not

1746
01:05:37,670 --> 01:05:35,440
gonna no no the point is i don't

1747
01:05:39,750 --> 01:05:37,680
i don't want to see that because it will

1748
01:05:42,549 --> 01:05:39,760
limit my freedom as a scientist to talk

1749
01:05:45,670 --> 01:05:42,559
about this subject so i actually prefer

1750
01:05:47,510 --> 01:05:45,680
not to see it no that's interesting so

1751
01:05:49,670 --> 01:05:47,520
what if you could just see the

1752
01:05:51,510 --> 01:05:49,680
classified stuff and i don't see that

1753
01:05:53,190 --> 01:05:51,520
there's nothing to it right away and you

1754
01:05:55,510 --> 01:05:53,200
could save time

1755
01:05:57,589 --> 01:05:55,520
no it's not done because then

1756
01:05:59,510 --> 01:05:57,599
the classified data may not have been

1757
01:06:00,950 --> 01:05:59,520
assembled by the best instruments you

1758
01:06:03,029 --> 01:06:00,960
see correct

1759
01:06:06,150 --> 01:06:03,039
so i want you know just like a kid i

1760
01:06:08,150 --> 01:06:06,160
want to figure it out for myself right

1761
01:06:10,630 --> 01:06:08,160
when you tell a kid what the truth is

1762
01:06:13,430 --> 01:06:10,640
the kid doesn't listen

1763
01:06:15,510 --> 01:06:13,440
so you know

1764
01:06:17,910 --> 01:06:15,520
i'm a little stubborn on this i want to

1765
01:06:19,829 --> 01:06:17,920
figure it out for myself and you know we

1766
01:06:23,109 --> 01:06:19,839
have instruments that

1767
01:06:25,430 --> 01:06:23,119
the military didn't have two decades ago

1768
01:06:26,710 --> 01:06:25,440
so we can do a better job so i don't

1769
01:06:29,190 --> 01:06:26,720
want to see

1770
01:06:31,670 --> 01:06:29,200
uh classified data

1771
01:06:34,230 --> 01:06:31,680
you know that has fuzzy images i want to

1772
01:06:37,029 --> 01:06:34,240
get much better images now

1773
01:06:40,950 --> 01:06:37,039
oh what if they are 23 minute long

1774
01:06:42,870 --> 01:06:40,960
videos of stuff that would um shake you

1775
01:06:44,870 --> 01:06:42,880
like you know there's there's always

1776
01:06:47,430 --> 01:06:44,880
talk that there's

1777
01:06:50,150 --> 01:06:47,440
okay so it's a double-edged sword

1778
01:06:51,829 --> 01:06:50,160
because if you do have access to this

1779
01:06:53,190 --> 01:06:51,839
data you will not be allowed to talk

1780
01:06:56,309 --> 01:06:53,200
about it right

1781
01:06:57,750 --> 01:06:56,319
and then if i were to get my data

1782
01:06:59,349 --> 01:06:57,760
independently

1783
01:07:01,109 --> 01:06:59,359
you know obviously the government would

1784
01:07:03,430 --> 01:07:01,119
be concerned that

1785
01:07:05,270 --> 01:07:03,440
i might release some of the information

1786
01:07:07,670 --> 01:07:05,280
in the back of my mind that even even

1787
01:07:10,230 --> 01:07:07,680
though i'm not talking about their video

1788
01:07:12,710 --> 01:07:10,240
so i prefer not to know about it you see

1789
01:07:14,870 --> 01:07:12,720
because it would limit my ability to act

1790
01:07:16,789 --> 01:07:14,880
freely as a scientist yeah then you have

1791
01:07:19,109 --> 01:07:16,799
to worry about wait is it can i do this

1792
01:07:21,109 --> 01:07:19,119
can i show okay yeah and

1793
01:07:22,950 --> 01:07:21,119
without that you can just do your thing

1794
01:07:23,910 --> 01:07:22,960
exactly exactly

1795
01:07:25,670 --> 01:07:23,920
awesome

1796
01:07:27,349 --> 01:07:25,680
um

1797
01:07:29,750 --> 01:07:27,359
anything you want to touch on before we

1798
01:07:32,230 --> 01:07:29,760
get out of here i mean yeah

1799
01:07:34,230 --> 01:07:32,240
and i'd like to say that i'm doing

1800
01:07:35,990 --> 01:07:34,240
everything i'm doing is for the younger

1801
01:07:40,630 --> 01:07:36,000
generation

1802
01:07:46,150 --> 01:07:45,029
open for uh scientific inquiry uh by the

1803
01:07:47,829 --> 01:07:46,160
young

1804
01:07:49,750 --> 01:07:47,839
generation of today so that they can go

1805
01:07:51,430 --> 01:07:49,760
into academia and become scientists and

1806
01:07:54,230 --> 01:07:51,440
explore it in a way that is not

1807
01:07:57,109 --> 01:07:54,240
stigmatized you know when i was young at

1808
01:07:59,430 --> 01:07:57,119
age 18 i uh

1809
01:08:00,630 --> 01:07:59,440
went to the military and i remember

1810
01:08:02,470 --> 01:08:00,640
saying

1811
01:08:04,549 --> 01:08:02,480
that sometimes the soldier needs to put

1812
01:08:06,710 --> 01:08:04,559
his body on the barbed wire so that

1813
01:08:09,270 --> 01:08:06,720
others can pass through and that's the

1814
01:08:11,510 --> 01:08:09,280
way i see my role it's not about me it's

1815
01:08:13,910 --> 01:08:11,520
about me allowing

1816
01:08:15,670 --> 01:08:13,920
uh the discussion to be open on this

1817
01:08:18,309 --> 01:08:15,680
subject and the discussion should be

1818
01:08:20,470 --> 01:08:18,319
based on evidence not on prejudice and

1819
01:08:22,950 --> 01:08:20,480
it ha it's too important for the future

1820
01:08:25,910 --> 01:08:22,960
of humanity for us to ignore it and

1821
01:08:29,110 --> 01:08:25,920
ridicule it so my message is for the

1822
01:08:30,630 --> 01:08:29,120
young people uh maintain your childhood

1823
01:08:32,950 --> 01:08:30,640
curiosity and

1824
01:08:35,349 --> 01:08:32,960
never lose that curiosity in the face of

1825
01:08:37,030 --> 01:08:35,359
becoming an adult

1826
01:08:38,470 --> 01:08:37,040
well thank you for that clip because i'm

1827
01:08:40,870 --> 01:08:38,480
chopping that up and putting it on

1828
01:08:42,149 --> 01:08:40,880
twitter asap

1829
01:08:45,910 --> 01:08:42,159
that was great

1830
01:08:48,470 --> 01:08:45,920
um yeah um you're sacrificing a lot

1831
01:08:51,030 --> 01:08:48,480
in hopes to create a better future and

1832
01:08:52,870 --> 01:08:51,040
you know people like that are rare and

1833
01:08:54,630 --> 01:08:52,880
i'm grateful that they exist and that i

1834
01:08:56,709 --> 01:08:54,640
got to speak with you so thank you so

1835
01:08:58,789 --> 01:08:56,719
much for stopping by professor thanks

1836
01:09:00,789 --> 01:08:58,799
for inviting me yeah you have a great

1837
01:09:03,269 --> 01:09:00,799
rest of the day anything you need i

1838
01:09:04,870 --> 01:09:03,279
don't know what it'd be but i'm here

1839
01:09:07,910 --> 01:09:04,880
just time more time that's what they

1840
01:09:12,550 --> 01:09:07,920
need all right we'll work on it we'll

1841
01:09:18,470 --> 01:09:15,910
all right that was a great talk with mr

1842
01:09:21,669 --> 01:09:18,480
loeb so um i appreciate you guys joining

1843
01:09:24,070 --> 01:09:21,679
me um we have uh the big phone home

1844
01:09:27,269 --> 01:09:24,080
still going on so go over there

1845
01:09:28,870 --> 01:09:27,279
and check that out make sure you're um

1846
01:09:30,070 --> 01:09:28,880
you know making yourself known saint

1847
01:09:32,550 --> 01:09:30,080
what's up

1848
01:09:36,470 --> 01:09:34,390
you know just giving them support

1849
01:09:39,030 --> 01:09:36,480
because whether you agree with certain

1850
01:09:43,110 --> 01:09:39,040
things they say or not or whatever like

1851
01:09:45,669 --> 01:09:43,120
in context ucr has been they're doing 24

1852
01:09:49,189 --> 01:09:45,679
hours

1853
01:09:50,070 --> 01:09:49,199
of talking in three days um and that is

1854
01:09:53,269 --> 01:09:50,080
just

1855
01:09:55,750 --> 01:09:53,279
amazing um and that is sacrifice because

1856
01:09:57,910 --> 01:09:55,760
they all have lives and they're not

1857
01:10:00,229 --> 01:09:57,920
um able to

1858
01:10:01,189 --> 01:10:00,239
you know pay car payments and house

1859
01:10:04,149 --> 01:10:01,199
bills

1860
01:10:07,590 --> 01:10:04,159
off of that stuff they're doing this for

1861
01:10:09,669 --> 01:10:07,600
a purpose just like professor loeb is um

1862
01:10:11,910 --> 01:10:09,679
these are great people out there

1863
01:10:13,590 --> 01:10:11,920
sacrificing things

1864
01:10:15,189 --> 01:10:13,600
and i'm grateful to be around it because

1865
01:10:17,590 --> 01:10:15,199
that's the kind of thing that motivates

1866
01:10:19,510 --> 01:10:17,600
me to do more

1867
01:10:21,590 --> 01:10:19,520
knowing that other people are and i want

1868
01:10:23,270 --> 01:10:21,600
to help them so

1869
01:10:25,110 --> 01:10:23,280
yeah

1870
01:10:27,510 --> 01:10:25,120
it was a great day today great two

1871
01:10:30,149 --> 01:10:27,520
interviews don't forget invisible night

1872
01:10:31,910 --> 01:10:30,159
night school

1873
01:10:34,709 --> 01:10:31,920
night college i forget

1874
01:10:36,229 --> 01:10:34,719
but uh the another great guy

1875
01:10:38,070 --> 01:10:36,239
who is a skeptic

1876
01:10:39,030 --> 01:10:38,080
and

1877
01:10:40,550 --> 01:10:39,040
turned

1878
01:10:42,390 --> 01:10:40,560
based off of the case he's working on

1879
01:10:44,790 --> 01:10:42,400
now so go check it out

1880
01:10:48,630 --> 01:10:44,800
um yeah

1881
01:10:52,149 --> 01:10:51,270
i really appreciate you guys hanging out

1882
01:10:54,870 --> 01:10:52,159
so

1883
01:10:56,830 --> 01:10:54,880
thanks spaghetti appreciate you megan

1884
01:11:00,790 --> 01:10:56,840
scott ben

1885
01:11:02,470 --> 01:11:00,800
um everybody babin gage

1886
01:11:06,229 --> 01:11:02,480
i appreciate yeah i tried to get to some

1887
01:11:06,620 --> 01:11:06,239
questions um the best i could so

1888
01:11:08,229 --> 01:11:06,630
um

1889
01:11:10,390 --> 01:11:08,239
[Music]

1890
01:11:12,390 --> 01:11:10,400
hopefully i did all right for you now

1891
01:11:14,870 --> 01:11:12,400
that being said i'm

1892
01:11:18,310 --> 01:11:14,880
going away for the rest of the week

1893
01:11:23,430 --> 01:11:21,990
a very historical spot in regards to

1894
01:11:25,350 --> 01:11:23,440
uaps

1895
01:11:26,390 --> 01:11:25,360
and ufos

1896
01:11:29,750 --> 01:11:26,400
um

1897
01:11:33,270 --> 01:11:29,760
possible

1898
01:11:35,189 --> 01:11:33,280
and bring something back to show you so

1899
01:11:37,350 --> 01:11:35,199
but i do have plenty

1900
01:11:39,110 --> 01:11:37,360
of stuff for you to catch up on 150

1901
01:11:42,550 --> 01:11:39,120
episodes

1902
01:11:43,350 --> 01:11:42,560
so oh man dude holy cow that is way too

1903
01:11:45,430 --> 01:11:43,360
nice

1904
01:11:47,990 --> 01:11:45,440
thank you very much

1905
01:11:50,550 --> 01:11:48,000
that's for the vacation

1906
01:11:53,270 --> 01:11:50,560
super nice of you thank you um yeah have

1907
01:11:55,110 --> 01:11:53,280
a great week guys

1908
01:11:56,470 --> 01:11:55,120
and

1909
01:11:58,390 --> 01:11:56,480
yeah we'll be in touch maybe i'll do

1910
01:12:00,950 --> 01:11:58,400
some like instagram lives or something

1911
01:12:02,630 --> 01:12:00,960
here there or whatever i don't know but

1912
01:12:03,510 --> 01:12:02,640
keep in touch in order to get at me

1913
01:12:07,110 --> 01:12:03,520
peace

1914
01:12:12,070 --> 01:12:09,590
all that stuff and when i get back from

1915
01:12:21,310 --> 01:12:12,080
catalina island i'll let you know i went